Volschenk v Alexkor Limited (C 529/2004) [2004] ZALC 84 (12 November 2004)

70 Reportability

Brief Summary

Labour Law — Unfair dismissal — Enforcement of arbitration award — Applicant dismissed and reinstated by CCMA — Respondent failing to comply with reinstatement order and backpay — Court granting application to make CCMA award an order of court — Respondent's conduct deemed vexatious and obstructive — Urgency of application justified due to ongoing non-compliance and loss of income.

IN THE  LABOUR COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
HELD AT CAPE TOWN
REPORTABLE
CASE NO : C529/2004
In the matter between :
G J D VOLSCHENK Applicant
and
ALEXKOR LIMITED Respondent
JUDGEMENT
MURPHY AJ
1 On 16 August 2004 Commissioner C J Wessels of the CCMA handed  
down an award declaring the applicant’s dismissal on 31 December 2003  
to   have   been   procedurally   and   substantively   unfair   and   ordered  
reinstatement on terms no less favourable than those that existed at the  
time of the applicant’s dismissal and ordered the respondent to pay the  
applicant backpay for the period 31 December 2003 to 31 August 2004,  
being the day on which he directed the reinstatement to take effect. On 12

November 2004 on the basis of an urgent application I handed down an  
order   making   the   Commissioner’s   award   an   order   of   court   in   terms   of  
section 158(1)(c) of the Labour Relations Act of 1996 (“the LRA”). At the  
time I reserved my reasons for making the order. These are my reasons.
2 The dispute  between the parties  has a  long  and unfortunate history.  
The   applicant,   a  medical   practitioner,   commenced   employment   with   the  
respondent on a locum basis for a period of 3 months as its Occupational  
Health Practitioner during November 1998. After the expiry of the locum,  
the   applicant   continued   in  employment   on   special   terms   and   conditions  
peculiar to his position until he received a letter from the respondent on 20  
December 1999 advising him that his contract of employment would expire  
on 31 January 2000. The CCMA ruled this dismissal to be unfair and in  
terms of an award dated 28 April 2000 ordered the respondent to reinstate  
the applicant retrospectively to 1 February 2000 and to pay him R52 500  
as   backpay.   The   respondent   failed   to   comply   with   the   award   and   the  
applicant was compelled to approach this court to have the award made  
an order of court in terms of section 158(1)(c) of the LRA. The respondent  
opposed that application, contending that it had complied with the award  
and that in the circumstances it was not necessary for the award to be  
made an order. On 26 June 2000, Gamble AJ handed down a judgement  
making   the   first   arbitration   award   an   order   of   court   and   awarded   costs

against the respondent on an attorney client scale finding that a punitive  
costs order was warranted as an indication of the court’s displeasure with  
the respondent’s vexatious behaviour. He said:
“Not   only   has   the   Respondent   conducted   itself   in   an   obstructive,   vindictive   and  
disingenuous fashion, it has obliged the applicant to bring these proceedings to correct a  
wrong which it simply refused to address”. 
It should also be noted that the applicant’s first dismissal was preceded by  
a   dispute   in   which   he   had   raised   legitimate   concerns   about   an   issue  
concerning his salary.
3 In   his  founding  affidavit  in  these  proceedings  the  applicant   contends  
that the respondent’s conduct in its lengthy dispute with him suggests that  
it sees itself as a law unto itself and is not prepared to voluntarily comply  
with   arbitration   awards   of   the   CCMA.   The   respondent   in   reply   neither  
admits nor denies these allegations, but dismisses them as risible opinion  
evidence. The somewhat baffling approach the respondent has taken in  
these proceedings suggests there may be some basis for the applicant’s  
suspicions. However, the respondent did at least comply with the order of  
Gamble   AJ,   though   subsequent   events   suggest   it   may   not   have   been  
entirely happy in having to do so.

4 In dismissing the applicant for the second time, the respondent justified  
the dismissal by alleging that the applicant had reached normal retirement  
age before 31 December 2003 and that his services had terminated by the  
effluxion   of   time.   The   CCMA   rejected   this   argument   and   accordingly  
reinstated the applicant.  As it did in the application before Gamble AJ, the  
respondent  claims  it  has  complied   with   arbitration  award.   The  applicant  
disputes this and has brought this application as a matter of semi­urgency  
to   have   the   award   made   an   order   of   court   so   that   it   can   proceed   with  
contempt proceedings if necessary.
5 Hence  this  is  an application  in terms  of  section  143 (4)  of  the  LRA,  
brought on an urgent basis, for the enforcement of an arbitration award of  
the CCMA by way of contempt proceedings instituted in the Labour Court.  
6 Such a process by necessity has two components. The first component  
is  to   have  the  award   of  the  CCMA  made   an  order  of  court   in  terms   of  
section   158(1)(c)   of   the   LRA.   The   second   component   would   be   a  
declarator to the effect that respondent would be in contempt of court if it  
does   not   comply   with   the   order.     At   this   stage   of   the   proceedings   the  
applicant merely seeks an order making the award an order of court, but at  
the same time seeks an order granting him leave to approach this court on  
the   same   papers   duly   amplified   for   both  the   declarator   and   appropriate

further   relief   should   it   prove   necessary   to   continue   with   the   contempt  
proceedings.
7 The respondent does not dispute the existence of the award. And in  
fact has conceded on the basis of legal advice from its attorneys that the  
award is good in law and fact. Thus it states that during September 2004 it  
sought legal advice on whether to review the award and was advised not  
to do so. Accordingly, it did not proceed with a review and instead wrote to  
the applicant asking him to tender his services. 
8 Accordingly   the   respondent   has   opposed   the   present   application   on  
three grounds. Firstly it has contended that the application is not urgent.  
Secondly, it has categorised the application as being one for an interdict  
and argues that the applicant has failed to satisfy the legal requirements  
for   such   relief.   And   thirdly,   echoing   its   stance   in   the   earlier   dispute,   it  
submits  that  the  applicant  has failed  to establish that  the  respondent  is  
refusing to honour the CCMA award, more particularly that it is refusing to  
reinstate  the applicant  on  terms and  conditions no less favourable than  
those that existed at the time of the dismissal. In other words it says it has  
complied with the award. 
9 Having brought the matter in terms of rule 8 as one of semi­urgency the

applicant requires condonation for not having complied with the time limits  
set by rule 7, more specifically in not having afforded the respondent the  
full 15 day period which the rule affords a respondent within which to file its  
answering affidavit.  The  application was  filed  on 5 November 2004, the  
respondent   filed   opposing   papers   on   9   November   2004   and   the   matter  
was enrolled for hearing on 12 November 2004 at which both parties were  
legally   represented.   The   condonation   sought   is   therefore   limited   to  
excusing the applicant for affording the respondent 3 days instead of 15 to  
file answering papers. 
10 The   application   was   preceded   by   various   attempts   at   getting   the  
respondent to comply with the award to the applicant’s satisfaction.  These  
are clearly documented in correspondence addressed by the applicant’s  
attorney to the respondent’s attorney dated 18 October 2004. The letter  
records that the respondent has accepted that the award is good in law  
and that it is ready to comply, but continues to fail to do so. It continues:
Notwithstanding   your   statement   that   your   client   is   ready   to   comply   with   the   CCMA  
award……your client has yet to comply with the award. The clearest example hereof is  
the simple fact that even though the CCMA Commissioner ordered your client to pay our  
client an amount of R345 659,45 on or before 31 August 2004, your client to date has  
failed and it appears refuses to do. The basis upon which this flagrant non­compliance  
with this part of the award can ever be justified is beyond our client’s comprehension.

11 The letter also mentions that the respondent is in continuing breach of  
the award by refusing to pay the applicant’s salary. The letter goes on to  
document the dispute that had arisen between the parties after the award  
was   handed   down   and   the   applicant   tendered   his   services.   From   the  
applicant’s position he was reinstated into the post he occupied at the time  
of   his   dismissal,   namely,   that   of   Occupational   Health   Practitioner.   The  
respondent however has taken the view that it is entitled to reinstate the  
applicant   into   the   more   senior   post   of   Medical   Superintendent:   Hospital  
and   refuses   to   comply   with   the   other   provisions   of   the   award   until   the  
applicant bows to its conditions.  
12 In support of the claim that the applicant was reinstated into the post of  
Occupational   Health   Practitioner   his   attorney   drew   attention   to   various  
paragraphs of the arbitration award. Paragraph 25 of the award records  
that   the   Applicant   had   been   promoted   to   in   July   2003   to   a   job   titled  
“Occupational Health Practitioner and Superintendent” and that his salary  
was to be increased to compensate him for his augmented responsibilities.  
However, in paragraph 26 of the award, the commissioner accepted that  
on 16 September 2003 the applicant and the respondent agreed that the  
applicant,   for   legitimate   reasons   advanced   by   the   applicant,   would   be  
relieved of his responsibilities as Superintendent and would continue in his

original post of Occupational Health Practitioner. This is clearly recorded in  
the minutes of the meeting in question and is confirmed by the fact that the  
applicant never received an increased salary. 
13 Although   a   dispute   arose   shortly   thereafter   about   whether   the  
Occupational Health Practitioner post remained available, it appears from  
the award that the commissioner accepted that the applicant had until his  
dismissal continued to perform the functions of the Occupational  Health  
Practitioner and such was the post he had in mind when reinstating the  
applicant. The respondent has held consistently to its position that it is only  
prepared to employ the applicant as the Medical Superintendent and will  
“comply” with the award if the applicant returns to this position. Its stance  
in this regard is puzzling and seems to be at variance with the legal advice  
it received that the award was good in law and fact. Had it disagreed with  
the   commissioner’s   factual   finding   that   the   applicant   had   resigned   the  
position   of   Superintendent   and   had   continued   as   Occupational   Health  
Practitioner one might have expected it to review his findings. It did not do  
so, but rather communicated that it accepted them as correct. I shall return  
to this critical issue later.
14 Given   the   respondent’s   stance,   the   applicant’s   attorneys   ultimately  
informed the respondent’s attorneys on 27 October 2004 that unless the

respondent complied with  the  award by 29 October 2004,  the applicant  
would   approach   the   court   as   a   matter   of   urgency   to   have   the   award  
enforced in terms of section 143(4).
15 As   explained,   the   respondent   had   already   been   given   a   detailed  
breakdown   of   the   applicant’s   position   in   the   letter   of   18   October   2004.  
When no reply was received from the respondent’s attorneys to the letter  
of   27   October   2004,   the   applicant   launched   these   proceedings   on   4  
November 2004 giving the respondent until 9 November 2004 to file its  
answering affidavit, which the respondent then did. The respondent makes  
no claim in its answering affidavit that the short notice prejudiced it. One  
presumes it felt sufficiently apprised of the issues by reason of the lengthy  
and detailed correspondence that preceded the application. The fact that it  
availed  itself   of   the  afforded   time  and  filed  a  comprehensive   answering  
affidavit suggests therefore that the respondent had sufficient time within  
which to file its answering affidavit. The degree of deviation from the rules  
for   which   condonation   is   sought   is   in   the   circumstances   therefore   not  
extreme. 
16 It would seem that the entertaining of this application as a matter of  
relative urgency causes no prejudice to the respondent. The 6­week period  
within which Respondent could have taken the award on review expired at

the   end   of   September   2004.   And   as   explained,   the   respondent   has  
confirmed that it has no intention of taking the award on review, accepting  
that   the   award   was   good   in   law   and   on   the   facts.   The   bringing   of   the  
application, as a matter of some urgency, accordingly did not substitute for  
another remedy or deprive the respondent of its right to review.
17 The applicant on the other hand suffers ongoing prejudice. He has not  
received remuneration from the respondent since December last year, a  
period of nearly 11 months, despite the respondent acknowledging that he  
is entitled to it. I agree with Mr Stelzner, who appeared for the applicant,  
that this fact cannot simply be brushed aside, as the respondent seeks to  
do, on the basis that loss of income is not a ground for urgency. That may  
be   so   when   an   applicant   is   seeking   to   interdict   a   dismissal   where   the  
fairness   of   such   remains   contested.   In   this   instance   we   have   the  
exceptional circumstance that the applicant has an arbitration award in his  
favour,   ordering   the   respondent   to   pay   him   his   remuneration   and   the  
respondent simply refuses to do, despite admitting its liability to comply  
with the award and its decision not to review it.
18 The present matter is accordingly unusual. While one appreciates the  
need for caution about exercising the controversial power to grant urgent  
interim relief as expressed by Mlambo J (as he then was) in  University of

the   Western   Cape   Academic   Staff   Union   &   others   v   University   of   the  
Western Cape   (1999) 20   ILJ  1300 (LC), we are not here concerned with  
the urgent grant of interdictory relief under section 158(1)(a)(i) of the LRA.  
We are seized with an application in terms of section 158(1)(c) of the LRA  
and in accordance with rule 8, which bestows a discretion on this court to  
dispense   with   the   ordinary   time   periods   and   to   deal   with   the   urgent  
application in any manner it deems fit. The considerations applicable are  
thus quite different. Paramount among them is the need for the orderly and  
proper   administration  of   justice  in  the  enforcement  of   awards  and   court  
orders.   As   one   of   the   objects   of   contempt   proceedings,   of   which   this  
application may be seen as a legitimate part, is to compel performance of  
the order, the element of urgency required to constitute the application as  
being urgent is satisfied if it is shown that the respondent is continuing to  
disregard the order –  Protea Holdings Ltd v Wriwt & another  1978 (3) SA  
865 (W). Moreover, the purpose of the LRA is  inter alia   to advance social  
justice, labour peace and the democratisation of the workplace by fulfilling  
the   primary   objects   of   the   Act,   which   include   giving   effect   to   the  
fundamental   rights   conferred   by   the   Constitution   (including   access   to  
justice)   and   promoting   the   effective   and   speedy   resolution   of   labour  
disputes. 
19 The applicant’s grounds for urgency are however not restricted to his

total loss of employment income for nearly a year and the fact that he has  
an award in his favour which is not being observed. There are additional  
circumstances that should be kept in mind.
20 As discussed earlier, this is the second time that the applicant has had  
to approach this court for an order enforcing an arbitration award against  
Respondent.   On   both   occasions,   the   applicant   was   dismissed   by  
respondent and then referred the matter to arbitration before the CCMA  
and obtained an award reinstating him. On both occasions the respondent  
has refused to comply with the award of the CCMA on grounds that might  
be   fairly   described   as   spurious,   putting   the   applicant   to   the   additional  
trouble and expense of approaching this court for appropriate relief. 
21 In the present instance the  award handed  down on  16 August 2004  
ordered the respondent to reinstate the applicant on or before 30 August  
2004. On 30 August 2004 the applicant reported for duty and tendered his  
services   at   his   office.   The   respondent   admits   this   but   informed   the  
applicant that he should not report for duty as it was considering taking the  
award on review. On Monday, 6 September 2004  Applicant once again  
physically   presented   himself   at   his   office   to   resume   his   duties.   The  
respondent’s security officials requested him to vacate the premises on the  
instructions of the CEO. The applicant was then informed in writing that

should the company decide to comply with the award he would be advised  
as such.  
22 The applicant accordingly afforded the respondent the 6­week period  
requested by the respondent to consider taking the award on review. Had  
the   applicant   brought   this   application   within   that   period   the   respondent  
would  simply  have  said  it  was  still   deciding  whether  to  have  the award  
taken on review or not. By 28 September 2004 Respondent had decided  
not   to   do   so.   At   this   point   there   was   hence   no   basis   upon   which   the  
respondent could still refuse to at least pay the applicant the remuneration  
it had been ordered to pay for the period from January 2003. Consistent  
with the reticence it had displayed throughout its dispute with the applicant,  
the respondent simply did not do so. Instead it requested the applicant to  
attend a meeting for the purpose of discussing, amongst other things, the  
job   description   of   Medical   Superintendent   and   the   required   standards  
expected of the applicant. 
23 The   fact   that   the   respondent   wanted   to   discuss   these   things   before  
complying with the terms of the award gives the lie to the respondent’s  
contention   that   it   was   prepared   to   reinstate   the   applicant   on   the   same  
terms   and   conditions   of   employment,   as   it   was   expected   to   do.   If   the  
respondent was prepared to comply with the award, to show good faith it

should firstly have paid applicant his remuneration, which it has yet to do,  
and secondly to have told the applicant to resume his former duties. There  
was   no   need   for   any   discussion   about   job   descriptions   to   be   a   pre­
condition for reinstatement. If the award and compliance with it led to an  
operational requirements problem, it was incumbent on the respondent to  
deal   with   the   problem   after   the   applicant   had   been   reinstated   and  
remunerated, and in accordance with the rights and procedures contained  
in section 189 of the LRA. A letter of 28 September 2004 addressed by the  
CEO to the applicant makes it clear that the respondent did not intend to  
comply with the award, but instead planned to give the applicant a new job  
which  it   knew   for   a  fact   the   applicant  did  not   want,   nor  felt   qualified  to  
perform.  
24 The   applicant   was   informed   that   he   was   to   be   “reinstated”   with  
immediate   effect   “retrospectively”   to   the   position   of   Medical  
Superintendent.  But the job as Medical Superintendent was on new terms  
and   conditions   of   employment   and   subject   to   the   company’s   standard  
terms and conditions of service. The irrational, arbitrary and high­handed  
manner in which the CEO approached the matter is noteworthy when one  
considers that the dispute before the CCMA had centred on exactly this  
issue   and   the   very   basis   of   the   award   was   that   the   applicant   was   not  
subject   to   the   respondent’s   standard   conditions   of   service.   And   again

despite the respondent having communicated its view that the award was  
good in law and in fact, the CEO evidently had decided that he was free to  
impose on the applicant a bargain different to that initially agreed to by the  
applicant and later upheld by the CCMA. From the letter alone it is difficult  
to discern whether the CEO was acting   mala fides.   At the very least his  
stance   reflects   poor   insight   into   the   management   of   the   situation.  
Whatever the case, his conduct was not in compliance with the award.
25 During   October   2004   the   applicant   continued   to   meet   on   various  
occasions with the respondent  in the hope of  getting the  respondent  to  
comply with the arbitration award. All his endeavours were unsuccessful.  
To this day the respondent has not paid the applicant any remuneration for  
2004.
26 Subsequent to a meeting of 27 October 2004 the applicant’s attorney  
addressed a letter to the respondent recording concern about statements  
allegedly made by the CEO during the meeting to the effect that as long as  
he   was   CEO   the   applicant   would   never   be   reinstated   as   Occupational  
Health   Practitioner;   that   as   CEO   he   could   hire   and   fire   people   as   he  
wished; and that he refused to make the payments in terms of the CCMA  
award since in his opinion the award was calculated on the wrong salary  
amount. No response was received to this letter. The statements attributed

to the CEO at the meeting are not denied in the current application either. 
27 In its answering affidavit the respondent is fairly direct. The CEO openly  
admits that he was not prepared to allow the applicant to return to work “as  
he   was   intent   on   occupying   the   position   of   Occupational   Health  
Practitioner and not Medical Superintendent which was vacant”. He offers  
no real or convincing explanation for why he refused to pay the applicant  
his outstanding salary.  In effect  he has  blatantly disregarded the award  
and simply refuses to comply. His attitude as the CEO of a large public  
enterprise committed to upholding constitutional values is troubling. 
28 The respondent’s disdain  of the CCMA  award and  of the applicant’s  
predicament is consequently worthy of urgent redress. In the face of such  
disdain, to strike the matter off for want of urgency would bring little credit  
to   the   administration   of   justice.   The   Labour   Court   in   the   interests   of  
granting effective access to justice ought to come to the assistance of a  
litigant   in   exceptional   circumstances   such   as   these.   The   applicant   has  
been without a salary for a year. The CCMA has twice upheld the special  
contractual basis of his employment. The respondent concedes that the  
CCMA’s findings are correct in both law and fact. It persists in flagrant non­
compliance apparently in the hope of coercing the applicant to accept its  
preferred   modification   of   the   award.   The   respondent   has   had   an

opportunity to put its case before the court and has raised no complaint  
about being prejudiced by the short notice. At the hearing of the matter Mr  
Cartwright, who represented the respondent, in the face of its concession  
that the award was not reviewable, could also point to no advantage in  
referring the matter to the opposed motion roll, other than it gaining more  
time to stall its compliance. Moreover, the applicant is 64 years old and  
nearing the end of his professional career as a medical doctor and should  
in the circumstances be spared unnecessary stress. 
29 Rule   8(9)   grants   this   court   a   discretion   to   deal   with   an   application  
brought in terms of the rule in any manner it deems fit. As such in deciding  
to   treat   a   matter   as   urgent   the   court   must   judicially   consider   all   the  
circumstances bearing in mind the practical consequences of affording the  
applicant the unusual indulgence that he seeks. This is not a case in which  
there   has   been   a   significant   deviation   from   form   and   process.   The  
condonation sought relates exclusively to the shortened period for reply,  
which the respondent met with little demur. The deviation and indulgence  
requested   is   one   easily   tolerated   when   balanced   against   the   value   of  
advancing   the   effective   administration   of   justice   in   the   peculiar  
circumstances   of   this   case.   Therefore   at   the   hearing   I   ruled   that   the  
applicant   had   made   out   a   sufficient   case   for   the   application   to   be  
entertained as a one of urgency.

30 The respondent’s second argument that the applicant has not complied  
with   the   requirements   for   an   interdict   is   misplaced.   This   application,   as  
stated before, is not an application for an interdict. It is an application for  
the enforcement of an award of the CCMA, first by making it an order of  
court in terms of section 158(1)(c) of the LRA and later if necessary by way  
of contempt proceedings as contemplated in section 143(4). Applications  
for interdicts are separately provided for in section 158(1)(a) of the LRA  
and have different requirements. It follows that it is not incumbent on the  
applicant to establish a  prima facie  right open to some doubt, a reasonable  
apprehension   of   irreparable   harm,   no   alternative   remedy   or   that   the  
balance of convenience favours him. Section 158(1)(c) requires only that  
there   be   an   award   in   need   of   enforcement   and   the   court   will   normally  
exercise its discretion in favour of making it a court order   ­    Kgaditse v  
Pep   Stores   (Pty)   Ltd   (1999)   20   ILJ   617   (LC);   and   Phefo   &   another   v  
Consteen Brickworks (Pty) Ltd   (1998) 19  ILJ  874 (LC). Rule 8 allows for  
an application to enforce the award to be brought on a basis dispensing  
with the requirements of rule 7 in exceptional and urgent circumstances.  
Once the conditions of urgency are met the court is at liberty to dispense  
with   the   ordinary   requirements   and   the   application   in   terms   of   section  
158(1)(c) must be heard as it normally otherwise would. The pre­requisites  
for an interdict have no direct application in this case.

31 In  FAWU v Buthelezi & others  (1998) 19  ILJ 829 (LC) it was held that  
an award should not be made an order of court if no purpose would be  
served   by   doing   so,   in   the   sense   that   the   award   had   already   been  
complied with  and  the matter  is  a   fait  accompli .  The  respondent  in  this  
matter has contended that it has indeed complied with the award. From  
what has gone before, it is evident that I have reservations about whether  
it has indeed done so. 
32 The   award   ordered   the   respondent   to   reinstate   the   applicant  
retrospectively on terms no less favourable than those that existed at the  
time   of   the   applicant’s   dismissal   on   31   December   2003.   As   seen   in   its  
correspondence,   the   respondent   preferred   its   own   interpretation   of   the  
award when it sought to impose its standard conditions of service in place  
of the applicant’s unique terms of contract. It argued that it complied with  
the   award   by   tendering   to   “reinstate”   the   applicant   in   the   position   of  
Medical Health Superintendent on 28 September 2004. The respondent’s  
tender is not what Commissioner Wessels ordered the respondent to do.  
In   ordering   the   respondent   to   reinstate   the   applicant   the   Commissioner  
made use of his powers in terms of section 193(1)(a) of the LRA, which  
provides   that   an   arbitrator   may   order   the   employer   to   reinstate  an  
employee from any date not earlier than the date of dismissal.   Section

193(1)(b) of the LRA, on the other hand, provides for a different remedy,  
namely   an   order   of   re­employment.   In   terms   thereof   the   Commissioner  
could have ordered the respondent to  re­employ the applicant, either in the  
work in which he was employed before his dismissal or in other reasonably  
suitable   work   on   any   terms.   In   this   case   the   Commissioner   ordered  
reinstatement in terms of section 193(1)(a), not re­employment in terms of  
section  193(1)(b).     In   terms   of   section   193(1)(b)  re­employment   can   be  
qualified   to   mean   re­employment   in   other   reasonably   suitable   work.   In  
effect   this   is   what   the   respondent’s   tender   amounted   to.   Reinstatement  
cannot   be   qualified   in   this   manner   in   terms   of   section   193(1)(a).  
Reinstatement   by   its   very   nature   does   not   allow   for   the   employee   to  
resume   service   “in   other   reasonably   suitable   work”.   An   employee   may  
accordingly not be “reinstated” by an employer to a post inferior to that in  
which the employee was employed at the time of his dismissal or even in  
some   other   reasonably   suitable   position.   That   would   not   amount   to  
reinstatement properly speaking, as provided for in section 193(1)(a). 
33 The   fact   that   the   applicant   was   reinstated   in   terms   of   the   award   is  
supported   by   the   fact   that   the   Commissioner   ordered   that   the  
reinstatement   was   to   be   “ on   terms   no   less   favourable   than   those   that  
existed   at   the   time   of   Applicant’s   dismissal ”.   The   respondent   was   not  
ordered to reinstate the applicant  in a position  no less favourable than the

one he previously occupied nor in any other reasonably suitable position.  
He was put back into the job he held at the time he was dismissed. 
34 The question to be determined then is what position did the applicant  
occupy at the time of his dismissal. The Commissioner determined in his  
award   that   as   at   31   December   2003   the   applicant,   having   resigned   as  
Medical   Superintendent   in   September   2003,   occupied   the   position   of  
Occupational Health Practitioner. As I have said, it is clear from a proper  
construction   of   the   arbitration   award   as   a  whole   that   the   applicant   was  
employed   as   the   Occupational   Health   Practitioner   at   the   time   of   his  
dismissal. Moreover, the minutes of the meeting on 16 September 2003  
indicate undoubtedly that the applicant was no longer prepared to continue  
in   the   position   of   Superintendent:   Hospital   and   that   he   wished   to   be  
relieved   of   the   responsibilities.   This   was   accepted   by   the   CEO,   who  
instructed   Mr   Duckitt,   the   respondent’s   HR   Manager,   to   adjust   the  
applicant’s salary accordingly. Since the applicant had never received the  
additional R9 000,00 per month promised to him, for assuming the duties  
of the Superintendent he had no problem with his salary being adjusted.  
Additionally, the Commissioner found that even after 1 October 2003 the  
applicant   still   performed   certain   Occupational   Health   Practitioner  
examinations,   even   though   it   had   informed   him   that   the   post   had   been  
allocated to someone else. Besides, he was never informed that if he were

to   accept   the   additional   responsibilities   and   duties   of   Superintendent   :  
Hospital,   he   would   no   longer   be   employed   as   the   Occupational   Health  
Practitioner.   And   in   fact   when   promoted   his   designation   was   to   be  
Superintendent and Occupational Health Practitioner. He still performed all  
the   functions   of   the   Occupational   Health   Practitioner   and   the  
Superintendent’s work was merely additional. This position changed at the  
meeting on 16 September 2003 when the applicant informed the CEO that  
he was no longer prepared to work as Medical Superintendent: Hospital.  
No affidavit to the contrary has been filed in these proceedings.
35 Based   on   these   facts,   which   the   respondent   has   conceded   to   be  
correct, the applicant was reinstated by the Commissioner to the position  
of Occupational Health Practitioner on terms no less favourable than those  
that existed at the time of his dismissal on 31 December 2003. i.e. the  
“unique” terms that applied to his particular position,  inter alia  guaranteeing  
him   employment   until   December   2005,   and   not   on   the   respondent’s  
standard terms.
36 In its replying affidavit the respondent does aver that at the time of his  
dismissal   the   applicant   was   both   Medical   Superintendent   and  
Occupational   Health   Practitioner.   It,   nevertheless,   does   not   tender   to  
reinstate   the   applicant   in   both   capacities,   citing   “logistical”   difficulties   in

reinstating him to the position of Occupational Health Practitioner since the  
post of Occupational Health Practitioner is no longer vacant, having been  
filled by someone else. If this was a valid excuse one would have expected  
the respondent to have raised it at the arbitration and to have argued that  
re­employment was the practicable option. The respondent did not do so  
and the Commissioner explicitly determined that no evidence was adduced  
to show that reinstatement was not the appropriate order. The respondent  
cannot now, for its own logistical reasons, simply refuse to comply with the  
award and by its own design effect a re­employment.
37 Furthermore, the respondent’s actions belie its claim that the applicant  
has   been   reinstated.   It   has   consistently   refused   to   pay   the   applicant  
remuneration.  He is told  to  work as  Medical  Superintendent, not as the  
Occupational   Health   Practitioner,   on   its   standard   terms,   which   the  
Commissioner found to be inapplicable.
38 The truth of the matter is that the respondent’s problem, which is of its  
own   making,   is   that   it   has   filled   the   applicant’s   previous   position   as  
Occupational   Health   Practitioner   with   someone   else.   Exactly   who   this  
person is  and  the terms of his or her appointment  are not  explained in  
correspondence or the papers filed in this application. If it is true, this alone  
cannot justify its non­compliance with the award.   It appointed someone

else   to   the   position,   knowing   full   well   that   the   applicant   disputed   his  
dismissal   as   Occupational   Health   Practitioner   and   that   he   would   be  
approaching the CCMA for reinstatement to this position.
39 In the premises I made the following order on 12 November 2004:
39.1 The provisions of the rules of this court relating to the time and  
manner of service are dispensed with and the matter is heard as one of  
urgency.
39.2 The   respondent   is   ordered   to   comply   with   the   award   of  
Commissioner CJ Wessels under CCMA case number NC 42 / 04 dated  
16 August 2004 and is ordered to; 
39.2.1 reinstate the applicant retrospectively on terms no less favourable  
that   those   that   existed   at   the   time   of   the   applicant’s   dismissal   on   31  
December 2003; 
39.2.2   pay   the   applicant   an   amount   of   R345   659,45   in   respect   of   his  
salary for the period January 2004­August 2004; 
39.2.3 pay interest on the aforesaid sum at a rate of 15,5% per annum  
from 31 August 2004 to date of payment; 
39.2.4  pay the applicant an amount of R86 414,86 in respect of his salary  
for the period September 2004­October 2004; and
39.2.5  pay interest on the aforesaid sum at a rate of 15,5% per annum  
from the first day of each month in which each sum became due.

39.3 Applicant is granted leave to approach this Court on the same  
papers, duly supplemented, for an order for committal of the respondent’s  
directors for contempt of Court in the event of this Court’s order not being  
complied with within 2 days of this order.
39.4 The respondent is ordered to pay Applicant’s costs on the scale  
as between party and party. 
MURPHY AJ
Date of Judgement: 12 November 2004
Date of Reasons: 6 December 2004
Applicant’s representative: Adv R Stelzner instructed by De Klerk & van  
Gend Attorneys.
Respondent’s Representative: Mr D Cartwright of David Cartwright  
Attorneys