IN THE LABOUR COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
CASE NO: J459/2002
In the matter between:
THE SOUTH AFRICAN DEMOCRATIC TEACHERS UNION First Applicant
Second Applicant
and
First Respondent
EDUCATION LABOUR RELATIONS COUNCIL Second Respondent
THE DEPUTY DIRECTORGENERAL OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, MPUMALANGA Third Respondent
JUDGMENT
FRANCIS J
Introduction
1. The applicants (respondents in the point in limine) have brought an application to
review and set aside an arbitration award handed down by the first respondent on
20 February 2002, in the matter between the first applicant, on behalf of the
second applicant, and the Mpumalanga Department of Education (the department)
concerning the dismissal of the second applicant.
2. The applicants seek an order that the second respondent be directed to refer the
dispute relating to the dismissal of the second applicant to arbitration before the
arbitrator other than the first respondent.
3. The employer party has been cited in these proceedings as the Deputy Director
General of the Department of Education (Mpumalanga) (“the third respondent”).
4. The third respondent has taken a point in limine to the effect that the applicants are
not entitled to cite the Deputy DirectorGeneral, who is an employee of the State
and that the Minister of Education or MEC had to be cited.
The third respondent’s contentions
5. The third respondent contended that in terms of Section 2 of the State Liability
Act 20 of 1957 (“the State Liability Act”), only the Minister or the MEC of the
Department may be cited of any wrong done to any person by the employees of
the State. Section (2)(1) of the State Liability Act reads as follows:
“2(1) In any action or proceedings instituted by virtue of the provisions of Section 1, the
Minister of the Department concerned may be cited as nominal Defendant or
Respondent.
(2) For purposes of subsection (1) the ‘minister’ shall, where appropriate, be
interpreted as referring to a member of the Executive Council of a province.”
6. The third respondent contended that the Executive Government of a province is
vested in the Premier, who in turns assigns his duties to the members of the
Executive Council to administer various departments in his/her province. It was
contended that it is the State which bears the liability as represented by the
Executive Government and not the servants of the State, who themselves are
subject to the control of the Executive Government.
7. It was further contended that it is not permissible to cite an employee of the State,
that the Minister or the MEC where appropriate.
Analysis of the facts and arguments raised
8. The third respondent’s objection is grounded on section 2 of the State Liability
Act. The underlying purpose of the State Liability Act, is to clarify the existence
of a remedy against the State in appropriate circumstances and to abolish any
prerogative which may have existed and which could have barred State liability in
contracts and for delictual wrongs committed by servants of the State.
9. Section 2 of the State Liability Act provides that when bringing an action or
proceedings against the State instituted in terms of section 1 of the Act, the
relevant Minister or MEC may be cited as the nominal defendant or respondent. It
does not require that in all proceedings involving the State as an in interested
party, either the Minister or MEC must be cited. Thus, for instance, action may be
instituted against the Government of the Republic of South Africa or the President
of the Republic of South Africa or the Premier of a province. In each case, it is a
matter of identifying the correct party.
10. It is also a matter of identifying the nature of the proceedings and the relief sought.
The review application instituted by the applicants in the present matter is not an
action or a proceeding against the State as contemplated by section 1 of the State
Liability Act. The purpose of citing the third respondent is not to secure the
joinder of the State in an action or a proceeding as contemplated in section 1 of the
State Liability Act.
11. The review application seeks no relief against the State or the Mpumalanga
Department of Education for a wrong committed by the State, but merely seeks to
have the arbitration award of the first respondent, which award was handed down
under the auspices of the second respondent, reviewed and set aside. The third
respondent is not cited in these proceedings as a respondent to an action for a
wrong committed by an employee of the State, but simply as an interested party,
being the statutorily designated employer.
12. The decision in Public Servants Association of SA v DirectorGeneral: Northern
Provincial Administration (2000) 21 ILJ 417 (LC) concerned the application of
the Public Service Act (Proc 103 of 1994) and, particularly, notices of termination
issued by the premier or the MEC. Section 17(1)(a) of the Public Service Act
expressly vests the power of discharge in the “relevant executing authority”:
which is in turn defined in section 1 as, in context the Premier or the MEC.
Although section 17(1)(a) contains a provision for delegation, which does not
appear to have been relevant. In any event, quite differently from the possibility
of such delegation, section 3(1)(b) of the Educators Act vests the provincial Head
of Department with original power.
1. 13. The decision in Dumasi v Commissioner, Venda Police 1990 (1) SA 1068 (V)
was a matter where an action for damages instituted against the police for the
death of the plaintiff’s husband while in the custody of the police. The action
instituted was against the State as contemplated by the State Liability Act and the
equivalent enactment applicable in Venda at the relevant time. In such
circumstances it was correctly held that an employee of the State could not be
cited as the defendant. However, those circumstances bear no analogy with the
present case where the third respondent has been cited as an interested party in his
capacity as the statutorily defined employer.
14. In an unreported decision in Mehlo v Free State Education Department under case
number J496/00, it was held that the MEC should be joined as an interested party
because the issue fell, at least in part, within the framework of section 3(2) of the
Educators Act being a function expressly placed in the hands of the MEC as
distinct from the Head of Department.
15. In the matter of Simela & Others vs MEC for Education, Eastern Cape & Another
[2001] 9 BLLR 1085 (LC), it was argued in that case by the respondents that the
MEC for Education should not have been cited as a party to the proceedings
because he was not the functionary who was responsible for taking the decision
that was under attack. I found amongst others that the MEC should have been
cited in terms of the State Liability Act and because he had played some role in
the disputed decision. That case is not support for the proposition that the MEC
must be cited in all matters. That case is clearly distinguishable from the present
matter.
16. The third respondent has been cited by virtue of his status as the employer of the
second applicant as stipulated in the provisions of the Employment Educators Act
76 of 1998 (“the Educators Act”), read with the Constitution of the Labour
Relations Council (“the ERL”).
17. The Legislature has separated the areas of responsibility in relation to the
employment of educators. Within that framework, section 3(1)(b) of the
Educators Act is a central provision for the purpose of this matter. It is in these
terms:
“Save as is otherwise provided in this section ... the Head of Department shall
be the employer of educators in the service of the provincial department of
education in posts on the educator establishment of that department for all
purposes of employment.”
18. The third respondent is the Head of Department of the Mpumalanga provincial
department of education.
19. The Educators Act clearly defines distinct and different functions which are vested
in the Minister or a provincial MEC, as the case may be. The Minister’s function
as employer is limited to that of determining the salaries and conditions of service
of educators as well as post creation in the national department, while that of the
MEC is limited to post creation in the provincial department. In this regard see
section 3(2) and 3(3) of the Educators Act.
20. It follows that it is the third respondent’s exclusive responsibility to exercise the
function provided for in section 14 of the Educators Act, which is the deeming
provision that has purportedly been invoked in the present matter, in terms of
which the second applicant has been dismissed. It is precisely the interpretation of
section 14(1) of the Educators Act that poses the central question that will fall to
be addressed in the review application.
21. The Educators Act has assigned responsibility visavis educators. I am of the
view that it would not have been competent to have cited the MEC in the context
of the present dispute. In the circumstances, the citation of the third respondent as
the head of the department and statutorily responsible officer is in accordance with
the express requirements and wording of the Educators Act.
22. This conclusion is reinforced through examination of the principal governing
collective agreement, being the ELRC Constitution. Again, it is unambiguously
stipulated that, in a provincial context, it is the third respondent who is the
employer of the second applicant. This follows inter alia from the terms of the
definition of “employer” in clause 23(7) of that constitution, viz.: “means the
employer as defined in the Employment of Educators Act, 1998”.
23. The main issue in the present matter has arisen directly and entirely from a dispute
as between an “employer” and an “employee” as defined in the ELRC
Constitution and, correspondingly, the arbitration that is the subject of the
challenge was one conducted under the auspices of the ERLC and in terms of its
Constitution and related agreements. It follows that the persona to be identified
and cited as the employer party in a dispute such as the current one is the third
respondent. The present matter has nothing to do with the regulation, vesting and
devolution of the executive authority of provincial officebearers. See for instance
section 125 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. This is not a case
that deals with political or financial accountability. It concerns only a clearly
defined management structure.
24. It follows that the objection in limine should be dismissed.
25. Both parties sought costs against the other. The only other question that needs to
be raised is whether the applicants should be awarded costs of employing two
counsel. As expected, it was contended on behalf of the applicants that the costs
of the employment of two counsel should be awarded. It was contended that the
issues raised in the application are novel. I agree that the issues are novel but do
not believe that the issue was so complex that it warranted the employment of two
counsel.
26. In the circumstances the following order is made:
1 The objection in limine is dismissed.
2. The third respondent to pay the applicants costs which costs do not include the
employment of two counsel.
FRANCIS J
JUDGE OF THE LABOUR COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
FOR THE APPLICANTS : K S TIP SC WITH J A CASSETTE INSTRUCTED BY
CHEADLE THOMPSON & HAYSOM INC
FOR THE THIRD RESPONDENT : B R TOKOTA INSTRUCTED BY THE STATE ATTORNEY
DATE OF HEARING : 24 OCTOBER 2002
: 5 NOVEMBER 2002