REPORTABLE
CASE NO: C350/2000
In the matter between
BUILDING INDUSTRY BARGAINING Applicant
COUNCIL CAPE OF GOOD HOPE (BOLAND AREA)
And
LESLIE GRANT HATLIN t/a THE HOMESTYLES CO Respondent
__________________________________________________________________________
JUDGMENT
___________________________________________________________________________
Waglay J. :
[1] The applicant in this matter is a Bargaining council as defined in the Labour
Relations Act (Act) . The Respondent is a sole proprietorship. On 31 May 2000 the
Applicant instituted these proceedings praying for an order in the following terms :
“1. declaring that the respondent has committed contempt of the applicant in that :
1.1 the respondent , having been subpoenaed to appear before Mr S Johnson , a
designated agent of the applicant , without good cause did not attend at the time
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and place in the subpoena ; and
1.2 the respondent , having been subpoenaed to produce certain books , documents or
objects believed to be in his/her possession to Mr S Johnson , a designated agent
of the applicant , failed without good cause to produce the books , documents or
objects specified in the subpoena ;
2.Directing the respondent to comply with the abovementioned subpoena on such terms as the above
Honourable Court may direct;
Directing the respondent to pay a fine in an amount determined by the above Honourable Court;
Directing the respondent to pay the costs of this application;
Granting such further and/or alternative relief as this above Honourable Court may deem appropriate in the circumstances.”
[2] In the affidavit filed in support of its application , the assistant secretary of the Applicant averred
on Applicant’s behalf that:
a.Applicant was a duly registered Bargaining Council as defined by the Labour Relations Act (the Act) ,
b.it was empowered in terms of s 28 of the Act to conclude and enforce collective agreements pertaining to the
Building Industry , and
c.it had concluded a Collective Agreement which was extended to nonparties within the Building Industry in terms
of s 32 of the Act this extension was given effect to by means of Government Notice R661 of 8 May 1998.
[3] The Applicant further averred that the Respondent was bound to the terms of the Collective Agreement by
virtue of being involved in the Building Industry within Applicant’s area of jurisdiction and that in order for
the Applicant to give effect to certain of the terms and conditions of the Collective Agreement , the
Applicant issued a subpoena upon the Respondent .
[4] The subpoena called upon the Respondent to appear before one of Applicant’s specifically named
designated agent with certain documents/records. The purpose for the issue of the subpoena requiring
Respondent to present himself with documents before a designated agent was for the Applicant to ascertain
whether or not Respondent had complied with and was continuing to comply with the Collective Agreement
to which he was bound.
[5] The subpoena was dated 20 March 2000 and required the Respondent to appear before the designated agent
on 5 April 2000 the time and place was also recorded on the subpoena. The subpoena was served on 4 April
2000 and the respondent failed to appear as required by the subpoena.
[6] The subpoena was annexed to the founding affidavit. It is a one page document with Applicant’s logo on the
right hand corner and headed “SUBPOENA BY DESIGNATED AGENT”. Under the above heading there
is a shaded block in which the following is recorded “SUBPOENA IN TERMS OF SECTION 142(8) OF
THE LABOUR RELATION ACT 66 OF 1995.” The document then provides space to write in the name
and address of the party to be subpoenaed which in this case recorded the name of the Respondent and then
records as follows :
“ You are hereby required to appear in person before Mr S. Johnson at back section of 141 C Main street
,Somerset West (entrance in oak street) on Wednesday 5 April 2000 at 10h00 and on any subsequent day to
which the proceedings or investigation may be postponed.
You are hereby required to appear in person to :
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• to give evidence concerning.................................. (left blank)
• bring with you and produce the books , documents or objects listed below:
Wage documents for the period 1 November 1999 to date
Signature of secretary_______ (signed)
Name : J.J Kitshoff
: Cape Town
:20 March 2000
received copy hereof on “442000” signed by (signed)
Ref :SLRA 51/2000”
[7] There is a further document filed which can best be described as a return of service . This document records
that one Sidney Johnson who is an “empowered agent”served the subpoena on one Natasha Malherbe “ a
person apparently over the age of 16 years and apparently residing or employed at the witness’s place of
RESIDENCE / EMPLOYMENT / BUSINESS” at 12h20 on Wednesday 4 April 2000.
[8] Sidney Johnson, who served the subpoena was also the designated agent before whom the Respondent was
required to appear with the documents listed in the subpoena.
[9] Based on what I have recorded above the Applicant submits that since the Respondent failed to comply with
the subpoena he has committed “contempt” as provided for in s 142(8)(a) and (e) of the Act and I should
therefore grant it the order as prayed (see paragraph [1] above). The matter is unopposed.
[10] The first issue that requires attention is the subpoena itself . A subpoena ordinarily is a legal document
summonsing a party to either attend a legal or quasilegal hearing and/or deliver something at a legal or
quasilegal hearing. As a formal document compliance is obligatory , noncompliance will therefor result in
a criminal sanction being imposed on a party who fails and/or refuses to comply with a subpoena.
[11] Being a document which obliges compliance it is important that a party upon whom a subpoena is served ,
by a reading of the document becomes aware of :
(a) the importance of the document and
(b) the possible consequences for failing to comply therewith
a mere reference to a section of an Act which section may spell out the above , is I believe neither helpful
nor sufficient warning to a party on whom a subpoena is served that his/her/its failure to comply may result
in some penalty being imposed upon him/her/it.
[12] Notwithstanding the above I am not satisfied that the document referred to as a subpoena in the Act is in
fact a subpoena as ordinarily understood. In fact reference to a subpoena in s 142 of the Act is a
misnomer .This is so because the authority issuing the subpoena the Commission or Council has no power
to impose any criminal sanction against a party that fails or refuses to comply with the subpoena. The Act
simply empowers a commissioner to subpoena parties and/or documents to assist him/her to resolve
disputes and provides that noncompliance amounts to contempt of the commission that is all. When there
is this contempt of the commission as provided for by the Act , the matter must be referred to this Court . In
terms of s 142 therefore , a commissioner is empowered by way of a document called a subpoena to
summons parties to , appear before him/her and/or produce documents for the sole purpose of resolving
disputes . Where a party “subpoenaed” fails to comply with the subpoena such a party is in terms of the Act
said to have committed contempt of the institution that issued the subpoena .
[13] Where a subpoena is issued in terms of s 142 of the Act and the party subpoenaed fails and/or refuse to
comply with the subpoena and has thus prima facie committed contempt the institution that issued the
subpoena must refer the matter to this Court for this Court to decide what it believes to be an appropriate
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order to be made against the party subpoenaed having regard to the reasons :
(i) for the issuing of the subpoena and
(ii) for the failure/refusal to comply therewith.
[14] As the Act makes no provision for a penalty to be imposed for refusing to comply with the subpoena but
provides for this Court to decide on the appropriate order once the matter is referred to this Court , this
Court has a discretion as to the order it will make. The appropriate order may in certain circumstances
include the imposition of a criminal sanction . In this respect I disagree with the judgment in National
Bargaining Council for the for the Road Freight Industry v Meyer t/a Oakly Carriers (2000) 5 BLLR
(LC) which held that criminal sanction is not what was possibly contemplated by the drafters of the Act.
[15] The appropriate order that this court may make in terms of s 142(9) is an order that will ensure that the
objects of the Act is not defeated by deliberate, negligent and/or calculated acts or omissions by
employers or employees that seek to undermine the various Acts that regulates employer/employee
relationship. This Court must ensure that the institutions created by the Act and other labour legislation are
able to function and to this end lend such support to these institutions as it is in law able to provide .
[16] An important aspect of s 142(8) is the issue of contempt . While in the present matter it is the non
compliance by the Respondent of a subpoena issued in terms of the Act which led to Applicant seeking this
court to declare that the Respondent is in contempt of it as provided for in s 142(8), this is a finding that can
only be made by having the Respondent before this Court and he/she/it either admitting that he /she/it is in
contempt after being explained when one would be in contempt or on being questioned the Court being
satisfied that the Respondent did in fact commit contempt .
satisfied that the Respondent did in fact commit contempt .
[17] To state the obvious , the test for finding a party in contempt is not , a balance of probabilities test , but that
which is applicable in a normal criminal trial. This is so because , as I have said earlier , there is a possibility
that this court may in appropriate circumstances impose a criminal sanction upon a party for being in
contempt as provided for in s 142(8) and no criminal sanction can be imposed without the party upon whom
criminal sanction may be imposed being given all such rights that are ordinarily available to an accused
person in an criminal trial.
[18] In the present matter and assuming that Applicant was entitled to issue the subpoena , having regard to the
inadequacy of the subpoena (see paragraph [11]) and the fact that the Respondent was not brought before
me to explain:
(i) whether or not he received the subpoena ,
(ii) whether he has a just cause for not complying with the subpoena
I am not prepared to declare that the Respondent has committed contempt of the Applicant .
[19] I may also add that even if the subpoena was a valid one , was properly served and that the Respondent
refused to comply therewith as averred by the Applicant and that such failure automatically constituted
contempt I would still not declare respondent’s conduct to constitute contempt of the Applicant as Applicant
cannot expect a Respondent party to comply with a subpoena on the notice it gave the Respondent .To serve
a subpoena on a party at about midday the day before you require that party to attend a designated place
with records is totally unreasonable. Where a party is to be subpoenaed such subpoena must be served at
least 5 days before it is required to appear and/or present documents unless of cause there is good reason
why a shorter period is necessary . In this case there was no reason whatsoever for the subpoena being
served on the Respondent on the proverbial last minute.
[20] With regard to the Applicant’s second prayer that I order the Respondent to comply with the subpoena for
me to do so I must be satisfied that the subpoena issued by the Applicant does in fact comply with s 142
read with s 33 of the Act.
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[21] The Applicant is empowered to enforce collective agreements within the Building Industry. To do so it has
to have possession of or access to certain information of those parties that fall under its jurisdiction . Where
it is not in possession of the necessary information it is entitled, so Applicant argues, to subpoena the
necessary information and this is what it has done in the present matter i.e. unlike in the matter of Meyer
supra , the subpoena issued upon the Respondent in this matter was not for the purposes of an arbitration
hearing or to resolve a dispute but for the Respondent to present himself with the wage records of his
business for Applicant to investigate and ascertain whether or not the Respondent was complying with the
collective agreement to which he was bound.
[22] Having regard to s 33 and s 142 of the Act , s 33(3) confers on the designated agent all such powers
conferred on a commissioner in terms of s 142 save those listed under ss (1)(c) and (d) thereof. The power
conferred on the commissioner and thus available to the designated agent in terms of s 142 is the power to
take certain steps to facilitate the resolution of disputes i.e. a commissioner’s powers to utilize the
provisions of s 142 are limited to matters relating to resolution of disputes and not for purposes of
investigating whether or not there has been compliance of any provision of a collective agreement . In the
circumstances unless there is evidence of at least an alleged dispute and a commissioner is appointed to
resolve that dispute he/she cannot utilize the provisions of s 142 . The powers of the designated agent is
limited to the powers of a commissioner . A designated agent cannot therefor in the absence of there being a
dispute as defined by the Act utilize the provisions of s 142 and even then only to the extent that the
exercise of the power is related to the resolution of a dispute .
exercise of the power is related to the resolution of a dispute .
[23] In the present matter all I am told by the Applicant is that it subpoenaed the Respondent to come before its
designated agent and to bring with him “wage records” for a specified period. I am not told that a dispute
was lodged with the Applicant against the Respondent which Applicant’s designated agent was appointed to
resolve and that the Respondent’s presence with the wage records was for the purposes of resolving that
dispute . This court is simply informed that the purpose of the subpoena being issued upon the Respondent
was to obtain information to determine whether or not there has been compliance with the Collective
Agreement. s 142 does not provide for subpoena being issued in those circumstances and the subpoena as it
stands is thus , assuming it complied with the other issues raised earlier in this judgment , invalid .
Applicant’s second prayer is therefor also dismissed .
[24] I am mindful of the fact that Bargaining and Statutory Councils have a very important role to play in giving
effect to the maintenance of good Labour Relations .To be able to play this role they need to be given the
scope to administer those agreements they are empowered to administer , effectively and efficiently. In
playing their role they also need to be given the necessary support by this Court. However in giving this
support this Court cannot overlook noncompliance by a Council of the provision of the Act , nor simply
order the arrest or impose a fine upon those who fail to comply with Council’s request or demand . Where
the Council such as the Applicant finds it necessary to have access to information , which information it is
lawfully entitled to have access to and its request for such information does not meet with any success , the
procedure it must follow is to apply to this Court for an order that the party supply the Council with the
information the Council requires , stating inter alia :
(i) why it is entitled to and requires the information
(ii) what attempts it has made to obtain that information ,
(iii) the probabilities that the Respondent does possess the information required
If the court is then satisfied that the Council is entitled to the information it would make an order for the
Respondent party to provide that information with such order as to costs as the Court deems to be lawful
and equitable.
[25] If the order of this court is then flouted by a Respondent party , it so open to the Applicant party to apply to
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this court to have the Respondent party found to be in contempt of Court and be visited with a criminal
sanction.
[26] In the instant matter therefor I am satisfied that the subpoena issued by the Applicant was not one as
contemplated by s 142 of the Act and the Applicant is not entitled to any relief . In so far as the Applicant
sought an order that Respondent be compelled to produce the wage records I am not prepared to do so as I
have nothing to satisfy me why I should make such an order.
In the result the application is dismissed.
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Waglay J.
Unopposed matter : Mr Ro ssouw appeared for the Applicant
Date of Judgment : 06 April 2001