IN THE LABOUR COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
HELD AT BRAAMFONTEINCASE NO J4122/00
In the matter between:
PETER HAMILTON FRANKS First Applicant
MOSHE MOSES KEKANA Second Applicant
NELIA PATRICIA STEYN Third Applicant
and
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE NORTH Respondent
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
JUDGMENT
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
JAMMY AJ
1.On 15 August 2000 the Respondent, over the signature of its Acting Vice-Chancellor
and Principal, Prof M C P Golele, issued a memorandum to its staff recording its
Council's approval of an offer of voluntary retrenchment to all permanent staff
members. The offer was stated to expire on 15 September 2000 and recorded
the "severance/retrenchment package offered" as being that set out in the
relevant sections of its Personnel Policy and Procedure manual.
2.A form of "Acceptance of Voluntary Retrenchment Offer" was annexed to the
memorandum. It recorded the employees' acceptance of "the Council's offer of
Voluntary Retrenchment" as well as the fact that "by accepting this offer, I have
taken an irreversible step and once this acceptance is acknowledged by the
University it cannot be reversed unless by mutual agreement."
3.The First Applicant in this matter, was the Executive Director:Human Resources of
the Respondent and the acceptance form was signed by him on 14 August 2000
and was duly acknowledged by the Respondent's Human Resources Department.
4.The Third Applicant, the Respondent's Director:Research Development and
Administration, signed the acceptance form on 21 August 2000 and it too, was
duly acknowledged.
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5.The Second Applicant, the Deputy Director:IT Division, signed the acceptance form
on 5 September 2000, but received no acknowledgment thereof.
6.A second memorandum, described as a "follow-up" to the circular of 15 August 2000,
was issued by the Acting Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the Respondent on 22
August 2000. It purported to clarify the retrenchment process, its material
consequences and other aspects of the prevailing restructuring programme.
7.A radical upheaval of what, until then, had been a relatively straight- forward
process, occurred however on 4 September 2000. On that date the Acting
Chairperson of Council issued a communique addressed to "the University
Community" in which reference was made to the two earlier circulars and which
gave notice "with great regret" that "the two circulars mentioned above are
hereby withdrawn and rescinded forthwith for the following reasons." Briefly
stated, those reasons were that the offer made "did not comply with Council
Resolution on the matter", that it offended "the principles enshrined in the
Personnel Policy and Procedure of this institution" and that certain inputs and
contributions to the restructuring process had not been taken into account.
8.The three Applicants, together, it is stated in the papers, with 136 other employees
of the Respondent who timeously accepted, with due acknowledgment, the offer
of voluntary retrenchment from the Respondent, dispute the Respondent's right
unilaterally to rescind and withdraw that offer, contend that it is legally binding
on the Respondent and, as indicated, seek a declarator to that effect. They will,
they contend, suffer irreparable financial harm in the context of their future
career opportunities, financial responsibilities and other commitments if the
agreements which they contend are legally in force, as constituted by the offer
and its acceptance by them, are not honoured by the Respondent. What they
and its acceptance by them, are not honoured by the Respondent. What they
precisely seek is an order declaring the offer in question to be valid and one
which they were entitled to "exercise or accept........... on or before 15
September 2000, alternatively until 4 September 2000" and a further order to
the effect that they are "entitled to their retrenchment benefits as provided for
and in terms of" that offer.
9.The Respondent's opposition to this application is based in the first instance on a
point taken in limine. The issues for determination by this Court, it contends,
concerning as they do the validity of an alleged contract constituted by the offer
and purported acceptance of certain severance benefits to the Applicants and
the right of the Respondent to withdraw that offer before its expiry date, are not
within the Court's jurisdiction. They do not arise, it is submitted, either from the
Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 ("the Act") or from any other law that confers
jurisdiction on the Labour Court. It is, argued Mr Maserumule for the
Respondent, a purely contractual matter which, whilst it may be justiciable
elsewhere, is not one with regard to which this Court can issue a declarator. The
Court's power inter alia to make declaratory orders is restricted to matters over
which it has jurisdiction in terms of s157 of the Act which, subject to the
Constitution and s173, (the section which defines the jurisdiction of the Labour
Appeal Court) confers exclusive jurisdiction on this Court -
"................... in respect of all matters that elsewhere in terms of this Act or in terms of any
other law are to be determined by the Labour Court."
10.This is not such a matter, it is submitted, and if the Applicants wish to test the
validity of the alleged contract and their entitlements arising therefrom, they
must do so in another forum.
11.Those submissions are rejected by Adv M Moyses, representing the Applicants, as
taking no account of the provisions of s77(3) of the Basic Conditions of
Employment Act No 75 of 1997. That Section reads thus:
"(3)The Labour Court has concurrent jurisdiction with the Civil Courts to hear and determine any
matter concerning a contract of employment, irrespective of whether any basic
condition of employment constitutes a term of that contract."
12.The argument that the instant dispute does not concern a contract of employment
cannot, she submitted, be sustained and there is no valid basis upon which the
jurisdiction of the Labour Court to adjudicate and determine the matter can be
called into question.
13.The Respondent's further substantive arguments regarding the alleged lack of
authority of its Acting Vice-Chancellor and Principal to have signed and issued
the memoranda of 15 and 22 August 2000 cannot moreover, the Applicants
the memoranda of 15 and 22 August 2000 cannot moreover, the Applicants
argue, assist the Respondent. Whether the formulation of that offer was not in
compliance with the relevant Council Resolution, cannot in the circumstances in
which it was made and conveyed, affect its validity and nor can the fact that the
formal drafting of the document was done by the First Applicant in his official
capacity, notwithstanding that he was also a recipient thereof. The First
Applicant, simply stated, contends that he did exactly what he was instructed to
do.
14.The disputes of fact regarding the First Applicant's role in this saga, do not in my
view bear upon the basic issues before this Court to a degree which precludes
their determination on the papers submitted. The cardinal averments on both
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sides relate to the deliberations of the Respondent's Council, the directions and
instructions emanating therefrom, the authority of the Acting Vice-Chancellor to
have acted as she did and the consequences flowing therefrom. For the reasons
which follow, I do not consider it necessary to traverse those aspects of the
matter in any detail and indeed, in the face of the point in limine to which I have
referred, they were not vigorously argued by the representatives of either side.
15.The Respondent's challenge to the jurisdiction of this Court to deal with the matter
is, in my opinion, without substance. At the time that the offer of voluntary
retrenchment was made, the Applicants were in a contractual employment
relationship with the Respondent. The effective withdrawal of the circulars of 15
and 22 August 2000 did not alter their status as such. They continued to be
employees and indeed, it is the Respondent's submission that there was nothing
in the then prevailing circumstances to compel them to leave its employ on 30
September 2000. On the other hand, if, as the Applicants contend, the
Respondent is bound on a contractual basis by a proper offer and its valid
acceptance, their contracts of employment would in due course, ipso facto,
terminate. The Respondent's argument in these circumstances that the dispute
is not one which, in the context of s77 of the Basic Conditions of Employment
Act, concerns a contract of employment, any breach of which would vest the Civil
Courts with jurisdiction to adjudicate it, cannot be sustained and if, as would then
be the case, the Civil Courts enjoy such jurisdiction then, concurrently as the
statute provides, so does this Court. The Respondent's submissions in limine
must accordingly fail.
16.Turning therefore to the validity of the contract itself, the basic principles of the
common law of contract negate the challenge to it which the Respondent seeks
common law of contract negate the challenge to it which the Respondent seeks
to mount. The offer, on the face of it, emanated from its highest administrative
authority, through the Acting Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University.
There was nothing either in the formulation of the offer or in the circumstances
in which it was made, to suggest to the recipients thereof any question of lack of
authority on the part of that senior executive officer of the Respondent to have
presented it. The Applicants, and any other of the body of employees who in
good faith accepted the offer, were clearly entitled immediately thereafter to
take appropriate steps to secure their economic futures and career paths - to
their considerable prejudice if the representations upon which they justifiably so
acted, were subsequently sought to be placed in issue. I am left in no doubt
whatsoever, for the reasons more fully dealt with hereunder, that in these
circumstances, the Respondent is estopped from denying, on any basis, the
validity of those representations, or of the contract resulting from the acceptance
of the offer which they incorporated and the entitlement of the Applicants,
including the Second Applicant, whose acceptance of the offer the Respondent
was in the circumstances obliged to acknowledge, to their respective
retrenchment benefits flowing therefrom.
17.The Respondent argues that the doctrine of estoppel cannot operate to the benefit
of the Applicants in the circumstances of this matter for two reasons. In the first
instance it cannot have application where the conduct to which it is directed is
ultra vires which, it contends, would be the case if the acting Acting Vice-
Chancellor or his delegatee was not so mandated by the Respondent's Council.
Secondly, it submits, the principle of legality would be thereby undermined.
18.Whilst it is correct that an institution such as the Respondent cannot be estopped
from resiling from a contract which was beyond its power to make and that it
cannot be bound by estoppel to do anything beyond its legal capacity, this is not
such a case.
19.The position of the Respondent here was precisely akin to that of the local authority
in -
Mossel Bay Municipality v Ebrahim. 1952(1) SA 567 (C)
in which, at 573, it was held that the application of the doctrine of estoppel -
...would not be such as to lead to the Council being bound "to do something
beyond its powers:....There was nothing in law to prevent the Council
from granting the certificate in this case...The only effect of the
Council's decision was that it was in conflict with the general policy
which had prevailed since 1936..
20.That "general policy", it was held, could not have operated per se to preclude the
Council from deviating therefrom in its discretion, -
At most it must be regarded as a general principle by which the Council could
legitimately be guided or influenced in dealing with applications...
21.The Respondent's submissions moreover, take no account of the sworn averments
by the Acting Vice-Chancellor of the Respondent unequivocally denying the
by the Acting Vice-Chancellor of the Respondent unequivocally denying the
Applicants' allegations questioning her authority to make the offer of voluntary
retrenchment set out in the circular of 15 August 2000. In my view, the
probabilities emphatically favour acceptance of that denial. It is inconceivable
that, if the communique of 15 August 2000 did not correctly reflect the mandate
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given to her, the subsequent memorandum of 22 August 2000 would be allowed
to follow with apparent impunity and no suggestion of any inaccuracy or error in
that which preceded it and to which specific reference was made therein.
22.Finally, with regard to the contested nature of the relief sought by the Applicants,
the authority cited by the Respondent in support of its contention that the issue
of a declarator would be superfluous and academic in the context that the proper
remedy available to the Applicants if, as they allege, the contract upon which
they rely is a valid one, is to seek its enforcement, does not in my view support
that contention.
23.The case cited, Gibbs v Nedcor (1998) ILJ 364 , stipulates the prerequisite of
proof of some infringement of the rights alleged to be held by an applicant
before he is entitled to claim a declaration thereof. For the reasons which I have
stated, I am satisfied as to the validity of the contract in question in this matter
and that the right and entitlement of the Applicants to the benefits properly
accruing to them thereunder have been established. It is common cause that
the Respondent has repudiated that liability and those rights have therefore
been infringed. There is, in my opinion, no reason whatsoever why, prior to any
action to enforce those rights which may ultimately become necessary, the
Applicants should not seek a formal declaration by this Court that they exist.
Indeed, the issue of a declarator to that effect may ipso facto obviate the
necessity for any such future course of action.
24.I have concluded therefore that the Applicants are entitled to the order which they
seek and which I accordingly make in the following terms:
24.1The offer of voluntary retrenchment contained in the
Respondent's memorandum to its staff of 15 August 2000 is valid and the Applicants were
entitled to accept that offer in the manner prescribed therein.
24.2The First, Second and Third Applicants are accordingly
24.2The First, Second and Third Applicants are accordingly
entitled to the retrenchment benefits provided for therein.
24.3The Respondent is ordered to pay the Applicants' costs of 1this application.
Acting Judge of the Labour Court
Date of hearing: 19 December 2000
Date of Judgment: 6 February 2001
Representation:
For the Applicants: Adv M E D Moyses, instructed by Botha Horak Attorneys
For the Respondent: Mr P Maserumule: Maserumule & Partners, Attorneys
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