IN THE LABOUR COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
(HELD AT JOHANNESBURG)
CASE NO J1143/99
In the matter between:
ANGLOGOLD HEALTH SERVICE (PTY) LTD Applicant
and
THE NATIONAL UNION OF MINEWORKERS First Respondent
THE PERSONS LISTED ON ANNEXURE "A" Second to Further
Respondents
JUDGMENT
JAMMY AJ
1. The Applicant in this matter, a company providing medical services to
employees on various mines belonging to its holding company, Anglogold
Limited, at hospitals on or near such mines, seeks from this Court a
Declaratory Order as provided for in Section 158(1)(a) of the Labour Relations
Act 1995 as amended ("the Act").
2. The Second and further Respondents, all of whom are members of the
First Respondent, are employed as ward assistants at one such hospital, - The
West Vaal Hospital ("the hospital") with a job grading of A3.
3. Their job description, filed as an annexure to the Respondents' Answering
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Affidavit, includes as part of their general duties, the "taking" of emergency
specimens and the "fetching" of urgent results from the laboratory (my
emphasis).
4. Until 31 July 1998, the South African Institute for Medical Research
maintained a laboratory at the hospital which however, was closed at that time
due to financial constraints. Prior to such closure, its own laboratory assistants
collected and delivered routine medical samples from the various hospital
wards (my emphasis). As a consequence of the closure of the laboratory, the
individual Respondents were requested to collect and deliver the routine
samples which were previously the province of the Institute's assistants,
pending the assumption of duty of a laboratory assistant, Grade B1 (two grades
higher), who was to be transferred from another hospital and whose duties
would specifically include the collection, receipt and despatch of medical
samples.
5. Following the advent of that assistant however, the individual
Respondents found themselves required to continue with the collection and
delivery of routine medical samples. They declined to do so on the basis that
this was the designated duty of the new, significantly more highly paid,
laboratory assistant and that this requirement constituted a unilateral change
to their conditions of employment. They continued however to perform that
duty in relation to emergency samples.
6. When subsequent meetings between the Applicant and representatives of
the First Respondent failed to resolve the issue, the Applicant, on or about 30
October 1998, served disciplinary enquiry notices on certain of the individual
Respondents, in which they were charged with "refusing to obey an
instruction." The disciplinary hearings were scheduled for 2 and 3 November
1998.
7. On or about 3 November, the First Respondent referred the dispute to the
1998.
7. On or about 3 November, the First Respondent referred the dispute to the
Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration ("the CCMA"), alleging a
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unilateral and unfair change of conditions of employment and by agreement,
the disciplinary hearings were suspended pending the statutory conciliation
meeting which would follow.
8. A conciliation meeting convened by the CCMA on 4 January 1999 failed to
resolve the dispute and a certificate in terms of Section 135 of the Act was
issued to that effect on 24 January 1999.
9. On 7 June 1999, the Applicant launched this application. The order which
it seeks is one -
Declaring that the collection and delivery of routine medical samples
by the Second to further Respondents does not constitute a unilateral
change to their terms and conditions of employment as contemplated
in Section 64(4) of the Labour Relations Act 1995.
10. The application is based on the following submissions:
10.1 The deadlocked dispute, being one concerning a matter of mutual
interest as contemplated by Section 134 of the Labour Relations Act, is not
susceptible to arbitration under the auspices of the CCMA.
10.2. If therefore the Respondents are correct that, in the circumstances referred to,
they are being subjected to a unilateral change to their terms and conditions of
employment, they are in a position to embark upon protected industrial action
in terms of Section 64 of the Act. Conversely, if the instruction in question
does not constitute a unilateral change to the conditions of their employment,
any industrial action which they may implement would be unprotected and
render them vulnerable to disciplinary consequences.
10.3 Threats of industrial action, which could include secondary strike activity
by members of the First Respondent, have, it is alleged, been received by the
Applicant from officials of the First Respondent if the demands of the individual
Respondents and which it would seem relate to increased wages, are not met.
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10.4 Any such industrial action will not only jeopardise the health and safety of
patients of the Applicant, but will cause severe financial losses to the affected
gold mines, with a direct negative impact on the gold mining industry as a
whole.
10.5 Having regard therefore, the Applicant submits -
"........... to the potential for labour unrest as well as the threat to the
lives and safety of the Applicant's patients should the individual
Respondents embark upon industrial action, it would be in the
interests of all parties should the above Honourable Court make a
declaratory order in this matter."
11. The Labour Court's power to make such an order is prescribed by Section
158(1)(a)(iv) of the Act. It is a power concomitant with that of the High Court in
terms of Section 19(1)(a)(iii) of the Supreme Court Act 1959 as amended. Mr
Cassim, who appeared for the Applicant in this matter, submitted however
that, having regard to the broad objectives of the Labour Relations Act, the
factors which, in an appropriate case, will influence the discretion of this Court
to grant or refuse such an order, may well be different from those which would
have relevance in the High Court and that in that context, this Court might well
be disposed to granting a declaratory order in circumstances in which the High
Court might not do so. The Act, he suggested, is innovative and interventionist
legislation which, in its broad context, has the effect of telling the employer
how to conduct its business in the interests of workplace democracy. As such,
in its dispute resolution procedures and its regulation of industrial action and
retrenchment, it has wide social ramifications.
12. It is in that context, it was submitted, that the order sought in this
application and which, if granted, would have the presumed effect of
precluding threatened strike and secondary strike action, of obviating the
precluding threatened strike and secondary strike action, of obviating the
necessity for the continued pursuit of the disciplinary action initiated against
certain individuals and of avoiding the necessity of a possible consequent
retrenchment exercise, is both justified and appropriate.
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13. The prerequisites for protected strike action are defined in Section 64 of
the Act. Section 189 regulates the termination of employment by an employer
for operational reasons. The circumstances in which dismissals will be deemed
to be unfair are defined in Chapter 8. The Act as a whole is the product of
intensive consultation and negotiation and it is to be presumed that in
formulating its objectives and provisions, its drafters were alive to its social
significance and ramifications, as referred to by Mr Cassim. The rights and
obligations of parties to an employment relationship are unambiguously
prescribed by the legislation and there is no basis, in my view, for this Court to
attribute to it any wider social significance or intention than that which is self-
evident from its language. That is not the function of this or any other Court.
Courts exist to interpret and apply the law as it stands and, in a proper case, to
define the rights and obligations of parties that flow therefrom.
14. This Application, in my opinion, is misconceived in a number of respects.
The Applicant seeks an order which, if granted, will effectively preclude what it
contends, if the alleged threats by the First Respondent are implemented, will
be unlawful industrial action. The fact that that alleged threat is disputed by
the Respondents is in itself a compromising factor as far as the Applicant is
concerned. An application on motion for a declarator, is inappropriate in the
face of a bona fide dispute of fact. See Hattingh v Ngake 1966(1) SA
64(0).
15. The right to the Applicant to take appropriate action to prevent or abort
an unprotected strike, will come into existence if and when that strike occurs
and will presumably be exercised in the form of interdict proceedings, more
particularly if, as the Applicant alleges, such unlawful action would constitute
"a threat to the lives and safety of the Applicant's patients." Ref Founding
"a threat to the lives and safety of the Applicant's patients." Ref Founding
Affidavit: Paragraph 26. The point in issue however is whether or not, if
there is a strike - and there is no certainty that this will be the case - a valid
basis will exist in law to support it. That is the essence of the dispute between
the parties and in that context, -
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"Courts of law exist for the settlement of concrete controversies and
actual infringements of rights, not to pronounce upon abstract
questions or to advise upon differing contentions however important."
Per Innes C J in Geldenhuys and Neethling v Beuthin 1918 AD 426 at
441.
A declaratory order will not be granted if the right in respect of which the order
is sought does not yet exist. See: Ross & another v Silberman and others
1963(2) SA 296. Save by way of interdict proceedings where appropriate, the
Applicant is not entitled to
anticipatory relief, more particularly in the present case where other
immediate courses of action are open to it. No valid reason has been
suggested as to why it should not proceed with the disciplinary action which it
has already initiated or why, in the restructured circumstances arising from the
closure of the SAIMR laboratory, it should not embark upon a retrenchment
programme if this is now indicated. It seems to me that what the Applicant is
seeking to obtain from this Court is not a declarator, but legal advice. That,
once again, is not the function of this Court or any other.
16. Applicant's Counsel, in their Heads of Argument, request that this matter
be referred to oral evidence. Such reference would, in my view, and in the
light of what is set out above, serve no purpose. Whatever facts might emerge
therefrom would have no bearing on the material flaws in the Applicant's case
and that request is therefore refused.
17. In the result, the application is dismissed with costs.
B M JAMMY AJ
25 October 1999
For Applicant:
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ADV N A CASSIM SC
with him:
ADV M J VAN AS
For Respondent:
ATTORNEY P MASERUMULE
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