Business Venture Investments 904 (Pty) Limited and Certain Businesses of Momentum Group Ltd / mCubed Holdings Ltd (85/LM/Oct04) [2005] ZACT 8; [2005] 1 CPLR 216 (CT) (21 January 2005)

70 Reportability
Competition Law

Brief Summary

Competition — Merger Control — Approval of merger between Business Venture Investments 904 (Pty) Ltd and certain businesses of Momentum Group Ltd and m Cubed Holdings Ltd — Competition Tribunal issued a Merger Clearance Certificate approving the merger without conditions — The acquiring firm, NEWCO, is a joint venture created by Momentum and m Cubed, aimed at consolidating their multi-management operations — The Tribunal found no significant overlaps in the services provided by the merging parties that would harm competition in the relevant market, thus justifying the approval of the merger.

COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
                                                                                               Case No.: 85/LM/Oct04
In the large merger between:
Business Venture Investments 904 (Pty) Limited                            Acquiring Firm
and
Certain Businesses of Momentum Group Ltd                                
and m Cubed Holdings Ltd                                                                    Target Firms
                                                       Reasons for Decision
Approval
1. The Competition Tribunal issued a Merger Clearance Certificate on 12 January  
2005 approving without conditions the merger between the abovementioned merging  
parties. The reasons for this decision follow.
The merging parties
2.   The   primary   acquiring   firm   is   Business   Venture   Investments   904   (Pty)   Ltd  
(“NEWCO”),   a   shelf   company.   NEWCO   is   a   joint   venture   company   created   by  
Momentum Group Ltd (“Momentum”) and m Cubed Holdings Ltd (“m Cubed”). 
Other acquiring firms
3. Momentum and m Cubed jointly control NEWCO. FirstRand Ltd (“FirstRand”) is  
the 100% controlling shareholder of Momentum. FirstRand controls FirstRand Bank  
Holdings Ltd, which in turn controls FirstRand Bank Ltd. According to the parties,  
Momentum   controls   RMB   Asset   Management,   African   Life   Assurance,   and  
Momentum   MultiManagers.       Momentum   has   a   100%   shareholding   in   FirstRand  
Asset   Management   (Pty)   Ltd   (“FirstRand   Asset”).   FirstRand   Asset   comprises   of  
companies including, but not limited to: RMB Asset Management (“RMBAM”); RMB  
Investment Services (Pty) Ltd; RMB Unit Trusts (Pty) Ltd; and FutureGrowth Asset  
Management (Pty) Ltd (“FutureGrowth”). Momentum also has a 73% shareholding in  
Momentum International Multi­Managers (Pty) Ltd (“MIMM”). 1 
4. M Cubed is a listed company on the JSE and is not controlled by any other firm. It  
does, however, control a number of firms. 2

does, however, control a number of firms. 2
5.   The   primary  target  firms   are  certain   businesses   of   Momentum  and  m  Cubed  
listed below. They do not have any subsidiaries.   
1  See the record (page 406) – “the FirstRand group structure” (Schedule 13.2).
2  The details of these entities appear on page 8 and 9 of the record.

The Merger Transaction
6. The proposed transaction involves NEWCO (a newly formed holding company)
acquiring  certain  businesses   of  m Cubed   and  its  subsidiaries   as  well   as  those  of  
Momentum.3  M Cubed’s businesses being acquired are: the business of   m Cubed  
Asset   Management   (Pty)   Ltd   operations   (“MCAM”),   which   provides   asset  
management services (based on the multi­management model) mainly to retirement  
funds;   the   business   of   Escher   Structured   Products   (Pty)   Ltd   (“ESP”) ,   which   sells  
structured products to the retirement / pension fund market and to external financial  
service   providers;   and   the   Asset   Management   Outsourcing   Services   (“AMOS”)  
division,   which   provides   asset   management   administration   services  to  the  internal  
multi­manager   operations   and   external   clients.   The   Momentum   business   to   be  
acquired is the South African multi­manager operations of MIMM. 
7. In terms of the Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) agreed to by Momentum  
and m Cubed, NEWCO will acquire the target firms as outlined above. Momentum  
and m Cubed will acquire 40 and 184 shares in NEWCO respectively as a settlement  
of the purchase consideration. Momentum will increase its interest in NEWCO to  
50% by acquiring 72 additional NEWCO shares from m Cubed, with the result that  
the parties will each hold 50% of the shares in NEWCO.  M Cubed and Momentum  
will equally nominate the board of NEWCO. In the event of a deadlock, a Momentum  
representative will have the casting vote. NEWCO will have its own corporate and  
business identity, and will operate under a new brand. 
8. The parties expressly stated that NEWCO would not acquire all the operations of  
m Cubed and Momentum. M Cubed will nevertheless continue to carry on its Wealth  
Management Services (being retail asset management services, sale and  
management of unit trusts, retail WRAP products and life insurance products), its

management of unit trusts, retail WRAP products and life insurance products), its  
specialised investment services and various other stand­alone businesses. It can be  
seen from the above that NEWCO is only acquiring Momentum’s domestic (South  
African) multi management operations. It would also not acquire the asset  
management services carried on elsewhere in the FirstRand group.   
Rationale for the Transaction
9. The merging parties’ rationale for this deal is four­fold, namely:
 To   create   a   far   bigger   presence   in   the   multi­management   arena,   with   the  
possibility to receive more new business opportunities;
 To   bulk   assets   together   in   order   to   be   able   to   negotiate   lower   fees   from  
underlying asset managers;
 To benefit from the joint multi­management skills of the two entities; and
 To   benefit   from   economies   of   scale   in   respect   of   administration   and   other  
costs. 
The merging parties’ activities
Acquiring Firms
3  See the parties’ Memorandum of Understanding of 2/11/2004 (Pages 107­110 of the file).
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10.  NEWCO  is a shelf company created for purposes of this acquisition. It does not  
trade at the moment. 
11.   The   FirstRand   Group   operates   within   the   financial   services   industry   and  
provides   the   entire   spectrum   of   financial   services   to   it   customers.   However,   the  
underlying divisions within the FirstRand Group are relevant to the assessment of the  
proposed transaction.
­ MIMM offers a range of products with different risk profiles and different asset  
classes mainly to the retirement fund industry.
­ The FirstRand Group  is involved in asset management services.
­ The   FirstRand   Group   also   provides   structuring   for   pension   funds   and  
retirement funds for external clients. It appears that other financial institutions  
generally offer this service.
­ RMBAM  and   FutureGrowth  provide   direct   asset   management   services   in  
competition with the multi­management services of the target firms.
12.   M Cubed  provides wealth management services, i.e., retail asset management,  
sale   and   management   of   unit   trusts,   retail   WRAP   products   and   life   insurance  
products.   There   are   other   specialised   investment   services   and   other   stand­alone  
businesses  within m Cubed.  The following m Cubed activities are relevant for the  
present transaction.
­ m Cubed – through its multi­manager solutions division – operates a business  
similar to MIMM.
­ The   AMOS  business   of   m  Cubed   provides   asset   management   services.   It  
predominantly   provides   a   support   role   to   the   multi­management   business.  
AMOS attends to the back office administration functions of the funds under  
the   administration   of   m   Cubed.     AMOS   also   has   external   clients   such   as  
unrelated third party pension funds established by firms such as AECI and  
Rand Mutual Assurance. These third party retirement funds simply use the

Rand Mutual Assurance. These third party retirement funds simply use the  
services   of   AMOS   to   facilitate   their   administration   functions,   mainly   the  
accounting function.
­ ESP   provides   structuring   services   for   clients   in   the   pension   fund   and  
retirement industries. It provides capital guarantees only, and thus guarantee  
the capital for a fixed period usually for a year. According to the Commission,  
if   market   conditions   deteriorate   the   client   benefits   as   the   capital   is  
guaranteed, and if market conditions improve ESP and the client benefits.
The Target Firms
13. The business of   MCAM  provides asset management services mainly to retire ­
ment funds.  ESP sells structured products to the retirement/pension fund market and  
to external financial service providers.   AMOS  (m Cubed’s Division) provides asset  
management   administration   services   to  the   internal   multi­manager   operations   and  
external clients.  MIMM offers a range of products with different risk profiles and differ ­
ent asset classes mainly to the retirement fund industry .
The relevant market 4
4  Please see the parties’ discussion on product overlaps (Page 47­56) as well as page 6­11 of the  
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14.   The   parties   identified   the   overlapping   business   operations   of   m   Cubed   and  
Momentum   and   those   of   the   Target   Firms.   These   overlaps   occur   in   respect   of  
structuring, asset management administration services and asset management/multi­
management   services.   The   parties   claimed   that   no   overlaps   between   the   parties’  
products and/or services would remain within m Cubed and those of the target firms  
after transfer from Momentum and m Cubed had taken place.
15. We now turn to consider what these services and/or products entail in brief. 
Asset management administration services
16. The parties pointed out that these services basically encompass the provision of  
back   office   administration   functions   for   the   asset   management   and   multi­
management business. All assets are priced daily in every portfolio and the values of  
the portfolios are worked out taking cash flows and payments into account. 
17. RMB Asset Management, which is (like Momentum) part of the FirstRand Group,  
and   MIMM   provides   asset   management   administrative   services   similar   to   those  
provided   by   m   Cubed’s   Division,   AMOS   (forming   part   of   the   target   firm).   AMOS  
provides   these   services   for   the   funds   administered   by   m   Cubed   as   well   as   for  
external clients such as 3 rd party pension funds. It appears that RMBAM and MIMM  
do not provide these services externally. In light of this, the Commission found that  
no overlap exists, and did not analyse this market from a horizontal perspective any  
further.
Asset management and/or multi­management services
18. As defined elsewhere 5, asset management refers to the management of funds  
referred to as funds under management by the so­called asset managers on behalf  
of various clients such as institutional investors, linked product service providers and  
pension funds. Asset management is generally not accessible to individual clients. As

pension funds. Asset management is generally not accessible to individual clients. As  
indicated above, asset managers offer a range of products with different risk profiles  
and different asset classes. According to the Commission, these products are offered  
to different  clients (mainly retirement  funds) either by direct asset  managers (who  
directly invest the funds in the stock and bond markets) or by multi­managers (who  
act as conduits between the clients and the direct asset managers).
19. MCAM and MIMM’s operations (both of which will form part of NEWCO) overlap  
in   that   they   both   offer   asset   management   services.   In   the   FirstRand   Group,  
FutureGrowth Asset Management and RMB Asset Management provide direct asset  
management services in competition with the multi­management service businesses  
of the target firms. 
20.   The   merging   parties   assert   that   multi­managers   do   not   constitute   a   separate  
market,   but   compete   directly   with   asset   managers.   According   to   the   parties,   the  
narrowly   defined   asset   multi­management   segment   constitutes   only   10.2%   of   the  
total asset management industry whilst 89.8% of the funds under management are  
managed directly by asset managers. 
Commission’s Report.
5  See  Investec Group Ltd /Fedsure Investments Ltd  ( Tribunal Case No: 19/LM/Mar01, page 3 )
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21. The Commission’s investigation revealed that multi­managers do compete with  
asset managers. 6 The Commission did not for purposes of this transaction conclude  
on the market definition as in its view in either the broadly defined asset management  
market or  a more  narrowly  defined multi­management  market  the transaction  was  
unlikely to substantially lessen or prevent competition. 
Structuring services
22. The parties pointed out that the term ‘structuring’ encompasses a wide range of  
activities and products. Both m Cubed (through ESP) and the FistRand Group offer  
structuring services to the pension and retirement industries. Therefore the parties  
overlap in the market for structured products / structuring services. The parties assert  
that although the FirstRand group provides structuring for external clients this is a
general function provided by all financial service institutions.     
Geographic market
23.   The   Commission’s   interview   with   the   merging   parties   revealed   that   foreign  
companies do not exert much of a competitive constraint to their operations as their  
clientele is mainly within South Africa. The Commission then defined the geographic  
market for each of the relevant market as national as companies operating in the  
asset management industry adopt a national pricing strategy and are not location­
bound within South Africa. We concur with the Commission in this regard.
Competition evaluation 
24. We had no concerns pertaining to the overlaps identified above as well as to the  
transaction   in   general,   as   there   was   nothing   before   us   to   indicate   that   any  
competitive harm would result from the proposed transaction.
25. In the structured products markets the market share figures that the Commission  
received from the parties show that ESP’s market share of the structured products is  
below 1%. Therefore the merger will lead to an increase in concentration that is trivial  
and has little impact on increasing concentration.

and has little impact on increasing concentration.
26.   In   respect   of   the   asset   management   businesses,   the   extent   of   concentration  
varies greatly depending on whether one regards multi­management as a segment of  
the broader asset management market or a relevant sub­market on its own. In the  
broader   asset   management   market   the   merger   will   lead   to   the   merged   entity  
(NEWCO) having a share of 26.3%. 7 (Of this 6.8% is contributed by Momentum and  
19.5% by M­Cubed).
27. If multi­management is an independent market then the merging parties will have  
a post­merger market share of 45.86%. 
6  In reaching this view, the Commission consulted with the merging parties’ customers, KPMG,  
competitors in the multi­management market, and the Financial Services Board.
7  Although there have been some discrepancies between the market share figures provided by the  
merging parties, Alexander Forbes and KPMG, the Commission nevertheless did not query this a lot,  
but simply adopted the worst­case scenario approach. 
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28.   There   are   some   suggestions   that   multi­management   may   well   constitute   a  
relevant   market   inter   alia   the   business   operates   differently,   employs   people   with  
different skills, seems to marketed and administered as a stand alone business. We  
need not make a conclusive finding on this because although the merged firm would  
enjoy a high share of this market it appears that entry is relatively easy and likely to  
come from firms in the asset management industry.  
29. Indicative of this is the fact that a number of direct asset management companies  
(including Sanlam Multi­managers; Chorus; and Access (park) have recently entered  
the multi­management industry. The parties asserted that customers could ­ from the  
demand   side   –   easily   switch   between   multi   and   direct   asset   management   with  
decisions being made depending on their aversion to risk. 
30. The market also appears to be a very competitive one in which countervailing  
power exists. The clients of a multi­manager are large institutions in the retirement  
fund industry and they can exert significant pressure on the merging parties should  
they engage in anti­competitive behaviour. Clients seem to possess the ability to use  
more than one asset manager. The merging parties and the Commission submit that  
these clients have the ability to withdraw their funds based on a 30­day notice period
 and in some cases may withdraw the assets under management on a day’s notice.
31.   The   Commission   further   examined   the   vertical   relationships   between   asset  
managers   and   multi­managers;   between   AMOS,   multi­managers   and   asset  
managers;   as   well   as   with   regard   to   services   provided   by   ESP.   In   our   view,   the  
vertical relationships so identified were not so extensive to cause concern..
32. We agree with the Commission’s submission that this transaction is unlikely to

32. We agree with the Commission’s submission that this transaction is unlikely to  
result   in  the  substantial   lessening  or  prevention   of  competition  irrespective  of   any  
market definition adopted. We accordingly approve this merger unconditionally.
Public Interest Issues
33. There appear to be no public interest issues to militate against the approval of  
this transaction. The parties expressly stated that no staff retrenchment programme  
is envisaged pursuant to this merger. 
_______________                                                                         21 January 2005
Norman Manoim                                                                                       Date   
 Concurring:      David Lewis and Mbuyiseli Madlanga   
For the merging parties:   Andries   le   Grange   &   Marlene   Botha   (Hofmeyr,  
Herbstein & Gihwala)  
For the Commission:  Hardin Ratshisusu & Asogren Chetty ( Mergers &  
Acquisitions)
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