Compagnie Gervais Danone Clover Beverages and Clover SA (Pty) Ltd Danone-Clover (Pty) Ltd (04/LM/Jan03) [2003] ZACT 13 (13 March 2003)

50 Reportability
Competition Law

Brief Summary

Competition — Merger approval — Internal restructuring of Clover Group involving Compagnie Gervais Danone and Clover Beverages — Merger assessed under section 16(2)(a) of the Competition Act — Lack of product and geographical overlap between merging parties — No significant competitive change anticipated — Merger approved unconditionally due to absence of public interest concerns.

COMPETITION TRIBUNAL 
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
     Case No: 04/LM/Jan03
In the large merger between: 
a. Compagnie   Gervais   Danone   and   Clover 
Beverages
AND
b. Clover   SA   (Pty)   Ltd   and   Danone­Clover  
(Pty) Ltd
Reasons for Decision
________________________________________________________________
APPROVAL
On 3 March 2003 the Competition Tribunal issued a Merger Clearance Certificate  
approving the merger between Compagnie Gervais Danone, Clover SA (Pty) Ltd,  
Clover Beverages and Danone­Clover (Pty) Ltd   in terms of section 16(2)(a). The  
reasons for the approval of the merger appear below.
The Merger Transaction
1. This transaction is essentially a restructuring of the Clover Group which is  
being   effected   by   means   of   a   two   stage   transaction.   In   the   first   stage,  
Danone (a French firm) will cease to be a shareholder in Clover Holdings,  
disposing of this shareholding to Clover Holdings and to NCD.  Danone is  
in turn acquiring a stake in Clover Beverages (South African firm). In the  
second stage, Clover is acquiring  an element of control of  Danone­Clover, 
Danone’s South African subsidiary, namely the rights of appointment and  
termination of certain managers.
2. Accordingly, post­merger, Clover will control 55% of the share capital in  
Clover Beverages and Danone will hold a   37.6% interest (together with

rights   relating   to   appointment   and   termination   of   managers 1).   The  
shareholdings in Danone­Clover will remain unchanged.
The Parties
2. In   Stage   1   of   the   transaction,   the   acquiring   firm   is   Compagnie   Gervais  
Danone (“Danone”), a subsidiary of Groupe Danone and incorporated under  
the   laws   of  France.   Clover  SA   (Pty)   Ltd   (“Clover”),   the  (acquiring  firm  in  
Stage 2), is controlled by Clover Holdings , which is in turn controlled by  
National Co­operative Dairies  (“NCD”). Clover  has a  host of subsidiaries,  
none of which are relevant for the purpose of this analysis.
3. The target firm in stage 1 is   Clover Beverages Ltd   (“CB”), which is directly  
controlled by Clover SA. Danone­Clover (Pty) Ltd, the target firm in stage 2,  
is   controlled   by   Danone.   Danone   is   the   French   company’s   only   South  
African   subsidiary   and   entity   through   which   Danone’s   activities   are  
conducted in RSA.  
Rationale for the Transaction 
4. Danone, the French firm, is contributing its marketing skills and expertise  
in   the   global   food   industry   to   Clover   Beverages,   whilst   Clover   is  
contributing its insight and knowledge of the South African market.
The Relevant Market
5. The   Commission   finds   there   are   no   product   overlaps   between   the  
products of Clover Beverages and the Danone group on the one hand, or  
between Danone­Clover and Clover Group on the other. 
6. There is furthermore no geographical overlap because most of Danone’s  
sales are concluded in Western Europe.
Clover Clover  
Beverages
Danone Danone  
­Clover
Activity Processing, 
marketing, 
selling, 
Manufacture 
and   sale   of  
dairy   and  
1  And the right to acquire 7.4% of shares in Clover Beverages from the minority shareholders, which will  
take its total shareholding in Clover Beverages to 45%.

distributing 
dairy,   dairy­
related 
products, 
beverages 
and other food  
products.
related 
products.
Products Fresh   milk,  
UHT   milk,  
condensed 
milk,   cream,  
cheese, 
butter,   milk  
power   under  
Clover, 
Ultramel, 
Tropica 
brands
Fruit juices,  
dairy   fruit  
mixes, 
flavoured 
milk,   long­
life custard.
Fresh   dairy  
products, 
packaged 
water,   biscuits  
and   cereal  
snacks.
Maas, 
yoghurt, 
drinking 
yoghurt, 
cottage 
cheese
Impact on competition
7. This   is   merely   an   internal   restructuring   within   the   Clover   Group.   This,  
together with  the lack  of product  overlap,  ensures that  there will  be  no  
fundamental change to the existing structure of the market, nor will any  
existing competitor be removed.
8. The Commission highlighted the existence of the non­compete clause in  
the   Shareholders’   Agreement   between   Danone,   Clover   and   Clover  
Beverages. In terms of this provision, Danone and Clover will not compete  
with Clover Beverages in the manufacture and marketing of their products  
while  they  are  shareholders in  Clover  Beverages  and  for  a period  of  5  
years after. Similarly, Danone and Clover will not compete with Danone  
Clover in respect of the marketing and distribution of its product range. We  
accept   the   parties’   contentions   that   such   a   restraint   is   commercially  
reasonable for parties entering into a joint venture in order to protect  their  
investment. 
9. There is no history of Clover and Danone competing against one another  
in the South African market. When Danone entered the SA market in 1996  
it did so in a joint venture with Clover and this has been the way it has  
operated since. Clover has no relationship with any other foreign firm that  
competes in these markets. The merger is just a re­alignment of the co­

operative relationship that has existed between Clover and Danone since  
Danone entered South Africa.
Conclusion
This is an internal restructuring and there is no significant competitive change  
from the status quo.   We conclude that the merger will not lead to a substantial  
lessening of competition.    There are no public interest concerns which would alter  
this conclusion. The merger is therefore approved unconditionally. 
_____________ 13 March 2003
N. Manoim    Date
Concurring: D.Lewis, P. Maponya
For the merging parties:   Edward Nathan Friedland Attorneys 
For the Commission:  L. Mtanga, J. Liebenberg, Competition Commission