COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Case No: 04/LM/Jan03
In the large merger between:
a. Compagnie Gervais Danone and Clover
Beverages
AND
b. Clover SA (Pty) Ltd and DanoneClover
(Pty) Ltd
Reasons for Decision
________________________________________________________________
APPROVAL
On 3 March 2003 the Competition Tribunal issued a Merger Clearance Certificate
approving the merger between Compagnie Gervais Danone, Clover SA (Pty) Ltd,
Clover Beverages and DanoneClover (Pty) Ltd in terms of section 16(2)(a). The
reasons for the approval of the merger appear below.
The Merger Transaction
1. This transaction is essentially a restructuring of the Clover Group which is
being effected by means of a two stage transaction. In the first stage,
Danone (a French firm) will cease to be a shareholder in Clover Holdings,
disposing of this shareholding to Clover Holdings and to NCD. Danone is
in turn acquiring a stake in Clover Beverages (South African firm). In the
second stage, Clover is acquiring an element of control of DanoneClover,
Danone’s South African subsidiary, namely the rights of appointment and
termination of certain managers.
2. Accordingly, postmerger, Clover will control 55% of the share capital in
Clover Beverages and Danone will hold a 37.6% interest (together with
rights relating to appointment and termination of managers 1). The
shareholdings in DanoneClover will remain unchanged.
The Parties
2. In Stage 1 of the transaction, the acquiring firm is Compagnie Gervais
Danone (“Danone”), a subsidiary of Groupe Danone and incorporated under
the laws of France. Clover SA (Pty) Ltd (“Clover”), the (acquiring firm in
Stage 2), is controlled by Clover Holdings , which is in turn controlled by
National Cooperative Dairies (“NCD”). Clover has a host of subsidiaries,
none of which are relevant for the purpose of this analysis.
3. The target firm in stage 1 is Clover Beverages Ltd (“CB”), which is directly
controlled by Clover SA. DanoneClover (Pty) Ltd, the target firm in stage 2,
is controlled by Danone. Danone is the French company’s only South
African subsidiary and entity through which Danone’s activities are
conducted in RSA.
Rationale for the Transaction
4. Danone, the French firm, is contributing its marketing skills and expertise
in the global food industry to Clover Beverages, whilst Clover is
contributing its insight and knowledge of the South African market.
The Relevant Market
5. The Commission finds there are no product overlaps between the
products of Clover Beverages and the Danone group on the one hand, or
between DanoneClover and Clover Group on the other.
6. There is furthermore no geographical overlap because most of Danone’s
sales are concluded in Western Europe.
Clover Clover
Beverages
Danone Danone
Clover
Activity Processing,
marketing,
selling,
Manufacture
and sale of
dairy and
1 And the right to acquire 7.4% of shares in Clover Beverages from the minority shareholders, which will
take its total shareholding in Clover Beverages to 45%.
distributing
dairy, dairy
related
products,
beverages
and other food
products.
related
products.
Products Fresh milk,
UHT milk,
condensed
milk, cream,
cheese,
butter, milk
power under
Clover,
Ultramel,
Tropica
brands
Fruit juices,
dairy fruit
mixes,
flavoured
milk, long
life custard.
Fresh dairy
products,
packaged
water, biscuits
and cereal
snacks.
Maas,
yoghurt,
drinking
yoghurt,
cottage
cheese
Impact on competition
7. This is merely an internal restructuring within the Clover Group. This,
together with the lack of product overlap, ensures that there will be no
fundamental change to the existing structure of the market, nor will any
existing competitor be removed.
8. The Commission highlighted the existence of the noncompete clause in
the Shareholders’ Agreement between Danone, Clover and Clover
Beverages. In terms of this provision, Danone and Clover will not compete
with Clover Beverages in the manufacture and marketing of their products
while they are shareholders in Clover Beverages and for a period of 5
years after. Similarly, Danone and Clover will not compete with Danone
Clover in respect of the marketing and distribution of its product range. We
accept the parties’ contentions that such a restraint is commercially
reasonable for parties entering into a joint venture in order to protect their
investment.
9. There is no history of Clover and Danone competing against one another
in the South African market. When Danone entered the SA market in 1996
it did so in a joint venture with Clover and this has been the way it has
operated since. Clover has no relationship with any other foreign firm that
competes in these markets. The merger is just a realignment of the co
operative relationship that has existed between Clover and Danone since
Danone entered South Africa.
Conclusion
This is an internal restructuring and there is no significant competitive change
from the status quo. We conclude that the merger will not lead to a substantial
lessening of competition. There are no public interest concerns which would alter
this conclusion. The merger is therefore approved unconditionally.
_____________ 13 March 2003
N. Manoim Date
Concurring: D.Lewis, P. Maponya
For the merging parties: Edward Nathan Friedland Attorneys
For the Commission: L. Mtanga, J. Liebenberg, Competition Commission