COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Case No: 82/LM/Nov02
In the large merger between:
ABSA Group Limited
and
PSG Investment Bank Holdings Limited
Reasons for Decision
________________________________________________________________
APPROVAL
On 19 December 2002 the Competition Tribunal issued a Merger Clearance
Certificate approving the merger between ABSA Ltd and PSG Investment Bank
Holdings Limited in terms of section 16(2)(a). The reasons for the approval of
the merger appear below.
The Parties
1. The acquiring firm is ABSA Group Limited (“Absa”),
one of the four major banks in South Africa, and listed on
the JSE. It’s major shareholders include Sanlam, as to
33.7%, Universta (Pty) Ltd as to 23.69% and the Public
Investment Commissioner as to 6.81% .
2. The target firm is PSG Investment Bank Holdings Limited (“PSG”), a
company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. PSG is controlled as
to 56.5% by PSG Financial Services Limited and ultimately controlled by the
PSG Group.
The Merger Transaction
3. The transaction comprises a scheme of arrangement whereby Absa is
acquiring the entire issued share capital of PSG on a fully diluted basis.
Postmerger, PSG will be Absa’s whollyowned subsidiary. Certain PSG
assets are being excluded from the transaction. We were advised that
these assets are not competitive with those assets being transferred to
Absa.
Rationale for the Transaction
4. The transaction occurs pursuant to systemic turbulence in the banking
industry and the effect of such on smaller (A2) banking groups, such as
PSG. The Registrar of Banks, according to the parties, has actively
encouraged PSG to consolidate with one of the A1 banks.
The Relevant Market
5. Both Absa and PSG operate within the broader financial services industry.
Absa’s core activity extends across providing a range of financial services
to (retail and corporate clients), comprising personal, commercial and
wholesale banking as well as insurance.
6. PSG is described as a niche bank and has been operating since 1998. It
has a range of business activities, including corporate finance (through
PSG Capital), treasury (through PSG and subsidiaries), treasury
outsourcing (through PSG Treasury Outsourcing (Pty) Ltd, trade and
commodity finance (through PSG Trade Finance (Pty) Ltd, structured
products, structured and project finance as well as corporate services.
7. The Commission identified a service overlap in treasury services,
specialised finance (which in turn can be segmented into structured
finance and project finance on the one hand and structured products on
the other) and proprietary investment businesses as separate, distinct
markets. These services fall under wholesale banking. Since both firms
provide these services across South Africa, the geographic market is
correctly regarded as national.
treasury services
correctly regarded as national.
treasury services
Within a bank, the treasury department procures funding in the financial markets
and allocates it to the various banking departments at a margin. It further
manages internal risk within the bank. Absa’s existing treasury function is
accordingly being extended.
specialised finance
o Structured finance and Project finance
Both types of financing fund capital assets and projects (e.g.
construction of a toll road or dam) which differ according to method
of funding. With structured finance, finance is arranged and
structured via various financial instruments (be it equity or debt).
Generally parties uses this type of finance when the company has a
variable interest rate and want to convert it into a fixed rate loan or
vice versa. With project finance, money is raised via a loan and
repaid through revenues generated from the project .
o Structured products
Designed specifically for the contractual savings industry. These
are investment products which have a guaranteed return or
particular investment profile (for example pension funds). A new
market for ABSA. PSG has less than 1% market share.
proprietary investment businesses
The bank itself invests in shares in listed and unlisted companies. Profits
are made via dividend income and capital gains through sale of shares.
Impact on competition
8. The market shares provided indicated that in each of the above markets
separately, the combined market share does not exceed 20%. The
increment to Absa’s market share brought about by the merger is
insignificant, in each case, less than 1%.
9. The customers are large multinationals or corporate entities who are
appraised and wellinformed enough about the respective financial
instruments in the event that the merged entity decides to exercise market
power. Furthermore, there have been a proliferation in recent years of
both local and foreign companies that compete with the parties.
Public Interest
10. Any retrenchments appear to be as a result of the turbulence and
consequential shakeup in the banking industry generally and not as a
result of the merger.
Conclusion
We conclude that the merger will not lead to a substantial lessening of
competition. There are no public interest concerns which would alter this
conclusion for the reasons stated above. The merger is therefore approved
unconditionally.
_____________ 20 December 2002
N. Manoim Date
Concurring: D.Lewis, M. Holden
For the merging parties: Cliffe Dekker Attorneys
For the Commission: K. Ramathula, N. Barnabas, Competition
Commission