COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Case No: 15/LM/Feb02
In the large merger between:
Afrox Healthcare Ltd
and
Wilgers Hospital Ltd
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Reasons for Decision
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Approval
We approved without conditions the merger between Afrox Healthcare Ltd (AHL) and
Wilgers Hospital Ltd (Wilgers) on 13 March 2002. The reasons for our decision are set
out below.
The parties
AHL is a South Africanbased company listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange
whose main business is the provision of private healthcare services. It owns and manages
a large number of private hospitals that provide a range of general and specialized
medical care facilities and services. Most of these hospitals are operated by separate
subsidiary companies controlled by AHL. AHL is ultimately controlled by British
Oxygen Company PLC, an English company listed on the London Stock Exchange.
AHL is the largest single shareholder in Wilgers, the target company, with an effective
43.19% shareholding. The remaining shares are held by a diverse group of natural
persons, companies close corporations and trusts. Wilgers is primarily involved in the
provision of private hospital services.
The transaction
AHL is acquiring 54.85% of the shares in Wilgers. Post the merger AHL will own
98.04% of Wilgers’ shares.
Rationale for the transaction
The rationale for the transaction is twofold.
According to the parties the East and SouthEast of Pretoria is the fastest growing
economic area in Pretoria both from a residential and business perspective. AHL is
located mainly in the North of Pretoria, with small interests in the East of Pretoria (60
beds at Faerie Glen) and in the South of Pretoria (at Little Company of Mary where they
have a minority shareholding). AHL wants to establish its presence in the East of
Pretoria.
Secondly, in acquiring the shares it will afford the shareholders of the hospital, who are
mainly doctors, the opportunity to release the value of their shareholding because of the
perverse incentive policy of the Health Professions Council of South Africa requiring that
medical practitioners do not directly have any significant shareholding in privately owned
hospitals.1
Evaluation of the merger
The relevant product market
Both AHL and Wilgers compete in the market for the provision of private hospital
services.
The parties referred to the possible entry of the State hospitals into the private sector
healthcare by setting aside wards to accommodate private feepaying patients. They argue
that these beds should be taken into account in calculating market shares. The
Commission reject this approach. We agree with the Commission that community
hospitals, public hospitals and specialty hospitals are sufficiently different from private
hospitals and cannot be considered to be competitors.We have in a previous decision
discussed these differences and there is no need to repeat them here as the factual basis
on which that assessment was based remains unchanged. 2
The relevant geographic market
The parties argue that it is generally accepted that patients in Gauteng province are
usually drawn to hospitals in large cities like Pretoria and Johannesburg within a
maximum radius of about 100200 km. The Commission, on the other hand, contends for
maximum radius of about 100200 km. The Commission, on the other hand, contends for
a narrow market with a radius of 2040 km. 3
1 See Afrox Healthcare Ltd/Amalgamated Hospitals Ltd, Tribunal Case No: 53/LM/Sep01
2 See note 1
3 Most of the arguments that were raised in the Afrox case were repeated by the Commission and the
parties in this case.
2
However, given our finding below, that even on a narrow definition of the market the
merger is unlikely to lessen competition, we do not consider it necessary to decide the
geographic market.
Market Shares
AHL, Netcare and MediClinic are the three largest players in the private hospital
industry and jointly own 74% of the private hospital beds in South Africa. AHL ranks
second, owning 26% of the total private hospital beds.
On the narrow market definition, comprising private hospitals in Pretoria, the premerger
and post merger market shares of the four largest players are:
Premerger Postmerger
Netcare 31.4% 31.4%
Curamed 16.3% 16.3%
AHL 15.4% 24.87%
Wilgers 9.1% 9.1%
According to the parties Curamed is currently building a private hospital in the East of
Pretoria that will make available another 200 beds. These beds were not included in
Curamed’s market share of 16.3%.
Impact on competition
By adding Wilger’s 341 beds to its total, AHL will post the merger move from being the
third largest player to the second largest player in Pretoria. However, this might be of
short duration since Curamed, currently number 2 in the market, is also in the process of
adding 200 beds to its total. 4
Competition in this industry is not only influenced by other players in the market. There
are the roles that Government plays, in issuing licences to operate private hospitals, and
several other role players such as private healthcare funders, medical practitioners and
patients all exercise a marked influence over the private hospital industry. 5
In light of the above we find that it is unlikely that the merger will substantially prevent
or lessen competition in the market.
Public Interest issues
The merger does not raise any public interest concerns.
4 Curamed has been awarded a licence to build a private hospital in Erasmusrand in the East of Pretoria.
5 See Afrox case paragraph 20 – 22.
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_____________ 19 April 2002
N. Manoim Date
Concurring: D. Lewis, P. Maponya
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