IN THE COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Case No: 77/LM/Jul00
In the large merger between:
FrancoNevada Mining Corporation Ltd
and
Gold Fields Ltd
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Reasons for Competition Tribunal’s Decision
Approval
The Competition Tribunal issued a Merger Clearance Certificate on 21 August
2000 approving the merger between FrancoNevada Mining Corporation Ltd
and Gold Fields Ltd without conditions. The reasons for our decision are set
out below.
The Merger Transaction
FrancoNevada and Gold Fields have agreed to merge by way of a scheme in
which Gold Fields will become a subsidiary of FrancoNevada and the holders
of outstanding Gold Fields Shares will have the right to receive 0,35 shares in
FrancoNevada for every Gold Fields share held. Although each company’s
shareholders will own 50% of the new combined entity Gold Fields will gain
Board control, holding seven of the twelve seats, as well as management
control.
Evaluating the merger
Background
FrancoNevada Mining Corporation Limited is a precious metals royalty
company and is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. It is the 6 th largest
gold company in the world with a market capitalisation of approximately
US$1.8 billion. Neither FrancoNevada nor any of its subsidiaries have any
gold mining business activities in South Africa. At present it only receives
certain licence/royalty fees for platinum operation in South Africa.
During September 1999 FrancoNevada merged with its sister company Euro
Nevada. According to the parties both companies have become leading
players in the high margin gold royalty business with FrancoNevada
focussing on North American gold royalties and other commodities and Euro
Nevada focussing on International gold royalties. These two combined forms
the leading precious metals royalty company in the world with a portfolio of
over 60 royalties spanning five million acres in six countries.
Gold Fields is an investment holding company listed on the Johannesburg
Stock Exchange. It is the 7 th largest gold company in the world in terms of
market capitalisation of approximately US$1.8 billion and operates deep level
gold mines primarily in South Africa. It accounts for approximately 6% of
global gold production and is ranked third in the world following Anglogold and
Newmont in terms of total output. Gold fields employs 57000 people. The
primary business activities of its subsidiaries are the mining and processing of
gold in South Africa. The gold is sold to Rand Refinery, which is the sole
agent of each of the subsidiaries of Gold Fields. The gold price is fixed
internationally.
According to the parties South African exchange control restrictions limits
Gold Fields’ ability to use domestically generated cash to develop new mines
elsewhere in the world and the merger will liberate Gold Field’s cash flows
from South Africa to develop projects under investigation.
Impact on competition
The Competition Commission concluded that there is no product overlap
between the merging firms because FrancoNevada is primarily a royalty
between the merging firms because FrancoNevada is primarily a royalty
company whereas Gold Fields is involved in deep level gold mining. The
Tribunal does not necessarily agree with this view because FrancoNevada,
as a royalty company, would have some influence on the management of its
mines and could, therefore, have an effect on competition.
However for purposes of this analysis we need not decide on what the
relevant product market is because the parties will not have market power.
The international gold price is influenced by factors such as the sale of new
production by producers worldwide and the sale of reserves by financial
institutions such as international central banks, the World Bank and the IMF.
A single producer of gold can, therefore, not influence prices in the
international market. In the Harmony Gold Mining Company and the
Randfontein Estates Limited merger, Case No: 16/LM/Feb00, the Tribunal
noted that the sheer size of the market meant that South African gold
producers are essentially price takers.
Public interest considerations
The parties informed the Commission that jobs would not be lost as a result of
the merger, nor, in our opinion, does it raise any other public interest concerns
listed in section 16(3).
28 September
2000
D.H. Lewis Date
Concurring: N.M. Manoim and P.E. Maponya