Quadrant Container Lines Limited and Tiger Foods Industries Limited (11/LM/Nov99) [1999] ZACT 3 (4 November 1999)

70 Reportability
Competition Law

Brief Summary

Competition — Merger approval — Quadrant Container Lines Limited and Tiger Foods Industries Limited — Competition Tribunal approved the merger without conditions, finding no substantial prevention or lessening of competition — The merger involved Quadrant purchasing the business of Island View Shipping and shares in related entities, with no direct product overlap as Quadrant does not operate in the dry-bulk cargo sector — The relevant market was determined to be worldwide transportation services for dry-bulk cargo, with the Tribunal concluding that the merged entity would not possess market power or behave anti-competitively — Public interest considerations were found to be irrelevant to the merger.

COMPETITION TRIBUNAL
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
                                                                          Case Number: 11/LM/Nov99   
In the large merger between
Quadrant Container Lines Limited
and
Tiger Foods Industries Limited
________________________________________________________________
Reasons for Competition Tribunal’s Decision 
________________________________________________________________
(a) Approval
The Competition Tribunal issued a Merger Clearance Certificate on 14 January  
2000   approving   without   conditions   the   merger   between   Quadrant   Container  
Lines   Ltd   (“Quadrant”)   and   Tiger   Foods   Industries   Ltd   (“Tiger   Foods”).   The  
reasons for our decision to approve the merger are set out below. 
(b) The Merger transaction
The transaction entails Quadrant purchasing –
(c) the business of Island View Shipping (“IVS”) as a going concern  
from Tiger Foods;
(d) the shares in IVS (Australia) Ltd from Tiger Oats (Maritius) Limited;
(e) the shares in Comshipco Schiffahrtsagentur GmbH (“Compshipco”)  
from Weesperkarspel Exploitatiemaatskappij B.V. Haarlem.

The three target firms referred to above are all involved in operations relating to  
the transportation of cargo worldwide. The operations of IVS and Compshipco  
relate   to   dry­bulk   cargo   and   entail   chartering  vessels  and  finding   cargo   to   be  
carried   by   these   vessels,   or   alternatively   contracting   for   the   transportation   of  
cargo and then finding a vessel to carry the cargo.
IVS Australia is a marketing agent for IVS and Comshipco.
The acquiring firm (Quadrant) also provides services relating to the worldwide  
transportation of cargoes, but its operations exclude dry­bulk cargo.  
(f) Evaluating the merger
In assessing a merger in terms of section 16 of the Competition Act, the Tribunal  
must consider –
(g) whether or not the merger is likely to substantially prevent or lessen  
competition; and
(h) whether the merger can or cannot be justified on substantial public  
interest grounds by considering the effect of the merger on each of  
the following: a particular industrial sector or region; employment;  
the   ability   of   small   businesses   or   firms   controlled   by   historically  
disadvantaged persons, to become competitive; and the ability of  
national industries to compete in international markets.
To answer the question whether the merger is likely to substantially prevent or  
lessen   competition,   the   Tribunal   must,   in   terms   of   Section   16(2),   assess   the  
strength of competition in the  relevant market  and the probability that the firms  
in the market after the merger will behave competitively or co­operatively.
The Relevant Market
As the acquiring firm, Quadrant, is not at all involved in dry­bulk cargo  
transportation, there is no direct product overlap between it and the target firms.  
There are, however, two subsidiaries within the Grincor Group, of which  
Quadrant is a part, which do participate in the dry­bulk cargo market. They are  
Unicorn Lines (Pty) Ltd (the Unicorn Tankers Division) and Griffin Shipping

Unicorn Lines (Pty) Ltd (the Unicorn Tankers Division) and Griffin Shipping  
Holdings Ltd. The former charters dry bulk vessels to transport salt from Walvis  
Bay to Durban, while the latter owns two dry­bulk vessels, which it tramps on the  
world market.
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Taking this indirect overlap as the starting point in defining the relevant product  
market in this case, it appears that the relevant product market is the provision of  
transportation services in respect of dry­bulk cargo. The target firms and,  
indirectly and to a limited extent, the acquiring firm participate in this market by  
mixing and matching chartered dry­bulk vessel capacities and cargo, which they  
contract to transport for third parties. The market for the service that they provide  
appears to be highly ‘contestable’ and susceptible to supply­side substitution; not  
only can vessel owners themselves contract with third parties directly, but  
capacity is easily transferred into this market by firms operating in other markets.  
For instance, firms that provide similar services in respect of other types of cargo  
could easily switch to dry­bulk cargo.                
However, the main source of substitution in respect of this service is  
geographical. Firms providing services on particular routes can easily, and  
without significant delay, switch to other routes. We, therefore, conclude that the  
relevant geographic market is very wide – it is probably a world­wide market.
   
Impact on competition 
Given our conclusion regarding the ambit of the relevant geographic market, the  
impact of this merger on competition is miniscule. The merged entity a tiny player  
in this large geographic market and barriers to entry into the market are rather  
low. We accordingly found that the merged firm would not have any market  
power and would therefore not be in a position to behave anti­competitively. 
   
Public interest considerations
None of the public interest considerations listed in section 16(3) appear to be  
relevant to this merger.
___________________________ ________________
D.H. Lewis Date
Presiding Member
Concurring: D.R. Terblanche and N.M. Manoim
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