REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA
Case Number: 2024-014981
(1) REPORTABLE: YES
(2) OF INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES: YES
(3) REVISED: YES
2025-08-22
DA TE
In the matter between:
VUKILE EZROM SIBIYA
and
Applicant
THE MINISTER OF DEFENCE AND MILITARY VETERANS First Respondent
THE SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE Second Respondent
THE CHIEF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL
DEFENCE FORCE
THE CHIEF OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ARMY
CHIEF HUMAN RESOURCES
ADJUTANT GENERAL: DEFENCE LEGAL SERVICES
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, SECRETARIAT OF THE GRIEVANCE
Third Respondent
Fourth Respondent
Fifth Respondent
Sixth Respondent

2
BOARD Seventh Respondent
This judgment was prepared and authored by the Judge whose name is reflected and
is handed down electronically by circulation to the Parties/their legal representatives
by email and by uploading it to the electronic file of this matter on CaseLines. The
date for handing down is deemed to be 22 August 2025.
JUDGMENT
POTTERILL J
Introduction
[1] On 28 February 2024 the Court ordered on an urgent basis that the first to
seventh respondents to whom I w ill collectively refer to as "the Minister", and
individually where necessary, are interdicted from taking any steps to implement and
enforce the transfer of the applicant [Lt. Col. Sibiya] from the Military Academy ,
Saldanha to Legatso and to proceed with any disciplinary steps against Lt. Col. Sibiya.
Pending the review of the decision to transfer Lt. Col. Sibiya he was to be reinstated
to the position of Military University Educator at the Military Academy Saldanha with
his salary and benefits from 1 February 2024.
[2] A review in terms of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000
[PAJA], alternatively a legality review, of the decision to transfer Lt. Col. Sibiya from
Saldanha to Legatso is before me. Lt. Col. Sibiya is also seeking the review and
setting aside of the decision of the DLSD Grievance Comm ittee to dismiss his
grievance pertaining to the transfer. Furthermore, to review and set aside the decision
by the Grievance Board, as ratified by the Chief of the South African National Defence
Force to dismiss Lt. Col. Sibiya's grievance about the transfer. The Court is also asked
to order his reinstatement pursuant to finding that the decision to transfer is unlawful
and unconstitutional.
Common cause facts

3
[3] Lt. Col. Sibiya holds this rank in the South African National Defence Force
[SANDF] in the function of Military University Educator as Chair: Department of
Mercantile and Public Law since 2006.
[4] The DLSD had a staffing work session on 12 and 13 July 2022 where the
decision was taken to interview the two candidates and transfer him. Lt. Col. Sibiya
was not informed of this geographical transfer and only in the record came to know
about this.
(5] On 13 October 2022 two candidates were interviewed for the post he was
occupying. He was not informed thereof but he had informally heard from colleagues
that he was to be transferred to Legatso. He had never requested a transfer and his
career manager had not before his transfer conducted a career interview. He did not
receive any reasons for his transfer to Legatso or any formal notice at that stage.
[6] He lodged a grievance to the Defence Legal Service Division Grievance
Committee [DLSD GC] on 14 October 2022. He also in October received a transfer
signal via Whatsapp to Legatso effective 2 January 2023. On 30 March the DLSD GC
confirmed its decision that the decision to transfer was not unlawful or flawed. This
was because Lt. Col. Sibiya had ample time to obtain an LLM degree that was a post
requirement and he did not meet the minimum requirements for the post he occupied.
Furthermore, the DLSD is entitled to transfer members according to organisational
needs and that the transfer to Legatso is still within the Western Cape .
(7] On 4 May 2023 Lt. Col. Sibiya escalated his grievance to the Grievance Board.
[8] In May/June 2023 Col. Morake reported at the Military Academy. There was
no outcome of the escalated grievance to the next higher level in terms of the Individual
Grievance Regulations [IGR]. Lt. Col. Sibiya continued to work as a lecturer in
Saldanha.
[9] On 7 November 2023 Lt. Col. Sibiya received the outcome of his grievance from
the DOD Grievance Board. The outcome was that the interviews could not be halted

the DOD Grievance Board. The outcome was that the interviews could not be halted
as it had already taken place and a new member had been appointed in that post. The
Adjutant General, the sixth respondent, will address the reasons and rationale for the
transfer as well as a career interview as a Career Manger for Lt. Col. Sibiya. The

4
decision also relied on the Personnel Management Code: Military Law Practitioners
which indicated that lateral transfers may be effected within the SANDF at the
discretion of the Chief of the Defence Legal Services in the interest of organisational
effectiveness and of member development.
(1 O] The Chief of Staff supported the Grievance Board decision and was accepted
by the Chief of the SANDF.
(11] On 29 January 2024 Lt. Col. Sibiya was instructed to report to Legatso Cape
Town on the same day. His salary was stopped on 1 February 2024 and then part A
of this application was launched.
Issue to be decided
(12] Must the decision to transfer be reviewed and set aside.
Preliminary issues
(13] On behalf of the Minister it was argued that the application was fatally flawed
because Lt. Col. Sibiya did not in terms of PAJA exhaust his mandatory internal
remedies. Lt. Co l. Sibiya should have pursuant to receiving the unfavourable outcome
from the Grievance Board referred the matter to the Military Ombudsman. This is so
because the Military Ombudsman can entertain complaints about "a member
regarding his or her conditions of service."
[14] If Lt. Col. Sibiya wanted to approach the Court directly he should have set out
exceptional circumstances and applied for exemption from the obligation to exhaust
external remedies, he has not done so.
(15] Reliance was placed on the dictum of Koyabe and Others v Minister for Home
Affairs and Others 2010 (4) SA 327 (CC) at par (34] where the Constitutional Court
found that without exhaustion of internal remedies the judicial process is premature.
Furthermore, internal remedies are cost-effective relief affording the executive the
opportunity to utilise its own mechanisms before turning to the Courts. Internal
remedies are valuable inter alia in that the court can have the benefit of a full record
of the internal adjudication.

5
[16) On behalf of Lt. Col. Sibiya it was argued that all the internal remedies were
exhausted. Nowhere in the grievance procedure is there a further step of a referral to
the Ombudsman. Utilising the Ombudsman is an add-on, not a requirement as an
internal remedy. Support for this submission was found in the matter of Davids v
Minister of Defence and Military Veterans and Others 2024 JDR 5311 (SCA) par [17):
"Their conditions of service are governed by the Defence Act 42 of 2002 and the
Individual Grievance Procedure Regulations. The Act was passed as an adjunct
to the need to provide additional redress for complaints concerning conditions of
service and other complaints that are not excluded under s 7 of the Act, which
limits the Ombud's jurisdiction. That the Ombud 's recommendation is not final
and binding does not mean that the purposes of the Act are frustrated or
impeded. It simply means that it falls to the Minister to decide, in light of the
recommendation made by the Ombud , upon the appropriate relief for
implementation."
Reasons for decision on internal remedy
[17] I am satisfied that Lt. Col. Sibiya exhausted all the internal remedies prescribed
in the relevant legislation; Individual Grievances: Regulations 2016. In terms of
regulations 12, 14 and 15, the internal remedy is to lodge a grievance to the Unit
Officer Commanding , thereafter to the Formation Officer Commanding then to the
Service or Division Grievance Committee and then finally to the Grievance Board. It
is common cause that Lt. Col. Sibiya did this. Nowhere in the Regulations is there a
further grievance step to the Ombudsman. There is nothing in the Regulations from
which it is to be assumed , or requires interpreting, as to whether referral to the
Ombudsman is the last step in the grievance procedure. The Minister's own
regulations simply do not provide for any other internal remedies.
[18) This view is fortified by the fact that the Military Ombudsman Act 4 of 2012 has

[18) This view is fortified by the fact that the Military Ombudsman Act 4 of 2012 has
been interpreted as "The Act was passed as an adjunct to the need to provide
additional redress for complaints concerning conditions of service and other
complaints that are not excluded under s 7 of the Act, which limited the Ombud 's
jurisdiction."1 It is different to the grievance procedure and not a step in the grievance
1 D avids v Minister of D efence and Military Veterans and Others 2024 JDR 5311 (SCA) par (17]

6
procedure. In terms of the grievance procedure all the internal remedies were
exhausted.
[19] But, in any event, Regulation 7 bars the Ombudsman to investigate a complaint
relating to a matter pending before a military or civilian court. '
Unreasonable delay
[20) It was submitted that the civilian court attack against the decision to transfer
him and the decision of the Grievance Committee to dismiss his grievance was only
brought 18 June 2024, 7 months after the decision was taken. The 180 days in terms
of the PAJA Act was thus not comp lied with. This is so because in the amended notice
of motion the review was extended to include an attack on the transfer.
[21] On behalf of Lt. Col. Sibiya it was argued that the date he exhausted his internal
remedies were 7 November 2023, that is the date he received the decision of the
Grievance Board. This application was launched on 12 February 2024, thus within the
180 days.
Decision on unreasonable delay
[22] This point in limine must be dismissed. In part A urgent relief was granted to
interdict the transfer from taking place. This issue was already before court.
Furthermore, the decision of the Grievance Board related to the transfer, the two
issues are intertwined, one cannot exist without the other, seeking the review of the
decision to transfer is the transfer. A party is entitled to amend its notice of motion
after receiving the Ru le 53 record. Lt. Col. Sibiya has done so. This does not affect
the timeline of 180 days; the date of the decision being 7 November 2023 to the date
the application was launched 12 February 2024.
The non-joinder
[23] On behalf of the Minister it was agued that it was fatal that Col. Morake, the
incumbent of Lt. Col. Sibiya's post, was not joined in the review. It wou ld have an
adverse effect on Col. Morake's legal interests in which he has a direct and substantial
interest. If regard is had to the remedy sought in prayer 5, i.e. to order that Lt. Col.

interest. If regard is had to the remedy sought in prayer 5, i.e. to order that Lt. Col.
Sibiya be reinstated in his post it wo uld directly affect the non-joined person.

7
[24) On behalf of Lt. Col. Sibiya it was submitted that this Court need only grant
prayer 1, i.e. reviewing and setting aside the decision to transfer Lt. Col. Sibiya from
Saldanha to Legatso Cape Town . Lt. Col. Sibiya is accordingly not seeking that the
Court grant any substitution of the decisions and therefore no rights of Col. Morake is
affected.
Decision on non-joinder
[25) In view of Lt. Col. Sibiya abandoning the other prayers and only seeking prayer
1 on the amended notice of motion, there is no non-joinder of Col. Morake. In the
Supreme Court of Appeal in the matter of Judicial Service Commission and Another v
Cape Bar Council and Another 2013 (1) SA 170 (SCA) in par [13] addressing non­
joinder of a party on par with the matter before me found: "The mere fact that an
administrative decision was unlawful does not visit all its consequences with automatic
invalidity" and "The result is therefore that the first declaration sought would not in itself
affect the validity of Judge Henney's appointment ... "2 This point in limine is
dismissed.
The merits
The post requirement of an LLM
[26] The argument on behalf of the Minister that an LLM-degree was a requirement
for the post that Lt. Col. Sibiya held and as he did not have a LLM-degree he had to
vacate the post by means of transfer, is simply untrue. The record discloses that the
position's qualification criteria is a "Higher Diploma/Diploma/NQF Level 7/8. It is
undisputed that an LLB degree is equivalent to an honours degree; NQF Level 8 in
terms of the South African Qualifications Authority. At the time of obtaining his degree
from the University of Natal his LLB degree was then on NQF Level 7, complying with
the requirement for the post. The University of Stellenbosch Military Science works in
conjunction with the Military Academy of the Minister. The Dean of Law confirmed
that although further education, i.e. a Master's Degree is encouraged, for Lt. Col.

that although further education, i.e. a Master's Degree is encouraged, for Lt. Col.
Sibiya's post this [the LLM] was not a requirement to teach at undergraduate level at
2 Par [14]

8
Stellenbosch. Currently all advertisements do require an LLM , but Lt. Col. Sibiya had
in the meantime obtained his LLM degree.
[27] The record further disclosed that "Lt. Col. Sibiya was utilised at the Military
Academy as a lecturer from 2008 but does not have a LLM as is an unwritten
requirement by the University of Stellenbosch." This is not what the Dean of Law had
set out in his letter and is unfounded:
"Although the Office of the Dean of the Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch
University encourages all Military University Educators to improve their
academic qualifications and it is considered best practice that lecturers at least
hold a Master's degree when teaching at a tertiary institution, it is not a
requirement to teach at undergraduate level at Stellenbosch University. It is a
recommendation but unless the advertisement stipulates the qualification as
such, there is no prohibition on appointment without a Master's degree.
Currently, all advertisements require a minimum of a Master's degree for
appointment."
[28] There is thus no formal requirement for an LLM or an "unwritten rule" pertaining
to such requirement. The fact that the advanced diploma in military law was introduced
did not lead to the amendment of the post requirement as it was. The decision based
on the LLM requirement is irrational and must be reviewed and set aside.
Was there consultation with Lt. Col. Sibiya before the transfer and must it take place
before the decision to transfer?
[29] I need not find if there was consultation with Lt. Col. Sibiya pertaining to the
transfer as it was conceded in the findings by the Secretariat of the Grievance Board
that no proof could be provided to it by the SGB that "there was ever any consultation
(Career Plan) with the member with him being transferred."
[30] It can also not be denied that in terms of the Interim Procedure Instruction:
Identification of Defence Members For placement in Vacant Post paragraph [5] in strict

Identification of Defence Members For placement in Vacant Post paragraph [5] in strict
terms provide that no placement or envisaged placement can take place, unless the
member or incumbent is advised of the pending placement and "has been provided
the necessary opportunity to react to the move." Paragraph 15k reads: "A ll members

9
must be allowed the opportunity to state their case in terms of the audi alteram
principle in respect of any placement."
[31] On behalf of the Minister it was argued that the right to be heard is not an
absolute right, neither is the right to be heard before the decision was taken an
absolute right. The circumstances of the transfer necessitate a departure from the
normal principle. These circumstances are that vacant posts are identified, suitably
qualified members who meet the requirement for the posts are identified. The Staffing
Board will then discuss the information and inform the individuals that they are being
transferred. After the transfer a career interview is conducted with the member when
the member will be informed of the reasons of the transfer and then be afforded an
opportunity to make representations. Upon considering a representation the decision
is confirmed or reversed.
[32] None of these factors set out can constitute reasons for a departure from the
Minister's own instruction as to consultation. There was no consultation, before or
after, the transfer, despite the Minister being alive to the grievance procedure that was
instituted pertaining to the transfer.
[33] The case law relied on by the Minister that under the circumstances there can
be ex post facto consultation is not at all on par with the facts of the matter before me .
The matter of Masetlha3 was not a review in terms of PAJA , but the President's power
to appoint in terms of the Constitution. The Court found to dismiss under those
circumstances does not require procedural fairness, a far cry form the matter before
me where PAJA requires procedural fairness.
[34] Reliance on Administrator, Transvaal and Others v Traub and Others 1989 (4)
SA 731 (A) for the Minister is also completely misplaced. Just as in this matter, the
Court found that there was no circumstances, for example expedition, to make the
decision or some other feasible reason why consultation prior to the decision could not

decision or some other feasible reason why consultation prior to the decision could not
be made . I reject the notion that due to mass transfers the sacrosanct principle of audi
alteram partem could be negated, especially so where there was a grievance lodged
3 Masetlha v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another 2008 ( 1) SA 566 (CC)

10
against the transfer. This is not a rare occasion where the countervailing interest is
so compelling that negating the audi alteram partem rule is sensible.4
[35] The matter relied on of Patel v Chief Immigration Officer, OR Tambo
International Airport [2009] 4 All SA 278 (GNP) is patently distinguishable from the
matter at hand and it is frowned upon that counsel relies hereon to support the
Minister's deviation of the audi alteram partem rule. Comparing the duties of an
immigration officer to refuse entry prescribed in section 8 of the relevant Act with a
transfer is non-sensical.
[36] What is worrisome is that the Secretariat found that the decision to transfer Lt.
Col. Sibiya was unlawful and invalid. The Grievance Board approved this
recommendation, yet the decision was without any explanation amended diametrically
to a finding of one of being valid and lawful. The argument that the Board agreed with
the recommendations of the secretariat, but did not agree that the transfer be declared
procedurally flawed and unlawful, is simply not borne out by the record.5
Ultra vires
[37] Not complying with its own prescripts and the audi alteram principle renders the
transfer flawed.
(38] The Minister relies on the Personnel Management Code (PMC) that Lt. Col.
Sibiya may be transferred at the discretion of the Chief of the SANDF . The Chief of
the Legal Services must exercise its discretion in doing so by ensuring that a transfer
is "in the interest of the organisational effectiveness and member development."
[39) On behalf of the Minister it was submitted that although there was no
consultation on member development there is no specific rule as to when such
consultation must take place. The transfer was to a division where Lt. Col. Sibiya was
previously in that post and suited him.
[40) The post was not a critical post and the Minister did not in the papers rely on
organisational effectiveness. As for consultation on member development none took

organisational effectiveness. As for consultation on member development none took
4 South African Airways SOC v BDFM Publishers (Pty) Ltd and Others 2016 (2) SA 561 (GJ) par [22]
5 25c and 27c

11
place and what I found on the audi alteram partem rule is also applicable here. The
Minister did not consult and thus did not comply with the policy they relied on.
Section 3(2)(b) of PAJA
[41] The argument that after the transfer has taken place the audi alteram partem
principle kicks in is not procedurally fair. But, also is wrong on the Minister's own
argument before me . If there has to be joinder of the new incumbent of Lt. Col. Sibiya's
post, as argued, because his right w ill be affected, it will result therein that the audiwill
have no effect because another person has already been appointed or transferred and
any consultation will bear no fruit. This is fortified by the decision of the Grievance
Board that the grievance could not be adhered to as "a new member had been
appointed in that post." Ex post facto consultation will have no purpose and defeats
the entrenched principle of being heard as part of procedural fairness. Lt. Col. Sibiya
in any event denied that any career management meeting was held; they just
conveyed a message .
[42) The audi a/teram partem principle is the cornerstone of procedural fairness.6
Section 3(2)(b) of PAJA requires from an administrator to give effect to procedurally
fair administrative actions by giving adequate notice of the nature and purpose of the
administrative action, and a reasonable opportunity to make representations. This is
the embodiment of the audi alteram principle. The administrative action herein did not
comp ly and was not procedurally fair.
[43] The outcome of the Grievance Board inter a/ia set out:
"The SGS is of the opinion that the DLSD needs to engage the member in order
to discuss the member's career path in the SANDF.
The SGS also consultated with DLSD on 10 July 2023 and could not be
provided with any proof that there was every any consultation (Career Plan)
with the member wrt him being transferred." (sic)
[44] The decision to transfer was administrative action and can be reviewed in terms

[44] The decision to transfer was administrative action and can be reviewed in terms
of PAJA. The decision was irrational in that the post requirement of Lt. Col. Sibiya
6 Joseph and Others v City of Johannesburg and Others 2010 (3) BCLR 212 (CC) par 42

12
was not a LLM degree. This was accordingly an irrelevant consideration taken into
account and is also irrational in that it took its decision based on such requirement.
The decision offended subsection 6(2)(c) of PAJA since no participation procedure
was followed. The decision is made without adherence to the one leg of the PMC and
the decision is thus also arbitrary.
Remedy
[45] I find it unnecessary to address the Minister's argument on section 172(1 )(b) as
the remedy lies in PAJA itself. I cannot rely on section 172(1)(b) when PAJA
prescribes the remedy in terms of the principle of subsidiarity.
[46] I find a just and equitable order to be to review and set aside the transfer of Lt.
Col. Sibiya from Saldanha to Legatso Cape Town . The effect of this order is that he
must return to Saldanha.
[47] The objections that there is no post for Lt. Col. Sibiya at Saldanha is strange in
that Col. Morake reported at the Military Academy in May 2023 and Lt. Col. Sibiya
stayed on at Saldanha for the remainder of 2023, both were present.
[48] I am not usurping the power of the Minister, I am reviewing and setting aside
the transfer.
Costs
[49] I find no reason to not follow the trite rule that costs must follow the successful
party.
[50] I make the following order:
The transfer of Lt. Col. Sibiya from Saldanha to Legatso Cape Town is reviewed
and set aside.
The first to seventh respondents are to carry the costs, jointly and severally.

13
JUDGE OF-utLE-.t~H-C
GAUTENG DIVISON, PRETORIA

14
CASE NO: 2024-014981
HEARD ON: 12 August 2025
FOR THE APPLICANT : ADV . J.D. MATTHEE
INSTRUCTED BY: Griesel van Zanten Inc.
FOR THE RESPONDENTS: ADV. D. MTSWEN I
INSTRUCTED BY: State Attorney, Pretoria
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 22 August 2025