IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
(EASTERN CAPE DIVISION, EAST LONDON CIRCUIT COURT )

Case No.: EL 514/2025
Reportable Yes / No

In the matter between:

J[…]VW[…] Applicant

and

PC[..]VW[…] Respondent


JUDGMENT

Cengani -Mbakaza AJ

[1] The parties are embroiled in a divorce action currently before a different court,
with patrimonial benefits and the accrual system being central to the proceedings.
Before me is an application for a further contribution towards legal costs following
invocation of Rule 43 (1) (b) and (6) of the Uniform Rules of Court, which reads,

‘(1) This rule shall apply whenever a spouse seeks relief from the court in respect
of one or more of the following matters:
(a) …
(b) A contribution towards the costs of a matrimonial action, pending or about to
be instituted;
\.D/11 a
~ .t
~ .
• ,r ' ~ &.,~
::t. ( J/ SI_)\)
~~1 I IL__~
(c) …
(d)…
(6) The court may, on the same procedure, vary its decision in the event of a
material change occurring in the circumstances of either party or a child, or the
contribution towards costs proving inadequate.”

[2] The relief sought in the notice of motion specifically pertains to a contribution of
75% of R278,070, intended to facilitate the continuation of the trial scheduled for 02,03
and 04 June 2025. The respondent opposes the application. It is common cause that
on 26 July 2023, the respondent was ordered to pay a contribution towards legal costs
of the pending action in the amount of R132 000 (the previous judgment).
Furthermore, on 09 May 2024, the respondent was ordered to pay 75% of the amount
of R62 790 per day for a period of 02 and a half days towards the applicant’s litigation.

[3] At the heart of the application before me is whether the applicant has proven
that there is material change in her circumstances and that she has inadequate means
of her own to fund the litigation.1 To resolve this dispute, the court is empowered by
the provisions of Rule 43(5) which reads,

‘(5) The court may hear such evidence as it considers necessary and may
dismiss the application or make such order as it deems fit to ensure a just and
expeditious decision. ’

[4] A plethora of cases finds application and relevance in the proceedings before
me. Mr Kotze, counsel for the respondent referred to the case of A.L.G v L.L.G2 which
sets out the correct approac h to be adopted in determining a contribution towards legal
costs. The court emphasised that the quantum to be awarded to an application for a
contribution towards legal costs is a matter to be determined at the discretion of the
court. In Rippen v Van Rippen3 Ogilvie Thompson J ( as he then was), articulated the
guiding principle for the exercise of that discretion as follows:


1 B v S (16158/16)[2018]ZAGPJH 534 (16 August 2018 ] at para [22].
2 (9207/2020 [2020] ZAWCHC 83(25 August 2020) at para [18] and [19]
3 1949 (4) SA 634 ( C).
‘(T)he Court should, I think, have the dominant object in view that, having regard
to the circumstances of the case, the financial position of the parties, and the
particular issues involved, the wife must be enabled to present her case
adequately before court’.

[5] This guideline was recently dissected by Kumalo J in H.E.D v D.D4 (H.E.D) , as
follows:

‘[42] This formulation neatly encapsulates the twin criteria of reasonable needs
and financial means which feature in the test for ordinary maintenance. When
assessing a spouse’s reasonable litigation needs, a court will have regard to what
is involved in the case, the scale on which the parties are litigating or intend to
litigate, and the parties’ respective means .’

[6] In support of the applicant’s application, Mr Cole SC prepared brief heads of
argument which were presented by Mr Wood in court. Counsel referred to the previous
judgment and argued that the respondent , as the sole beneficiar y of all income from
the Close Corporation, has a monthly income of R40 000, being the amount he
chooses to draw for his own purposes. Put differently, so he argued the respondent is
fixated on a monthly income he chooses to draw from the business, while ignoring the
extensive value of the properties, which he could readily utilise to create liquidity.

[7] In support of this proposition, counsel further referenced to paragraph 23 of the
previous judgment and averred that the position remains unchanged. The relevant
position which remains a point of contention is what the previous court highlighted
which is as follows: ‘Despite the attention being drawn to the failure to disclose these
financial details, the respondent has persisted in seeking to hide these values: what
income does AC motors generate? What does it own? What is its overall value?’
Counsel’s argument therefore is that the respondent’s claim of lack of means to pay
a further contribution towards legal costs is to be rejected particularly because he is
demonstratable able to pay his own legal representation.


4 (2022/14582) [2025] ZAGPJHC 465 (13 May 2025).
[8] In her founding affidavit, the applicant avers that she is a part-time contract
worker with Ronnies Motors where she assists in dealership with finance and
insurance for the purchase and sale of motors. The applicant indicates that she
frequently travels to England and America to visit her children and grandchildren. She
finances these trips using the revolving credit card facility. She explains that visiting
her aunt, whose health is compromised necessitates her trip to England. Additionally,
despite her son being married, she considers it essential to visit her grandson to retain
a strong bond with them.

[9] In contrast, the respondent avers that the applicant has said nothing about her
own financial means, has made no disclo sure of her monthly income or her other
sources of funding available. The respondent further notes that there has been a
change in the applicant’s employment capacity, notwithstanding this, no source of
income has been disclosed.

[10] Further to his affidavit, the respondent avers that he continues to pay R20 000
per month to the applicant, despite having returned to the matrimonial home, where
she resides without incurring rental expenses. Below is a summary of the respondent’s
financial position as detailed in his sworn affidavit: He draws a monthly salary of
R40 000 and claims not to have freely available funds to finance the litigation.

[11] The respondent has presented a detailed report compiled by an associate
which currently shows a shortfall of R22, 093 based on a statement of income and
expenses drawn up in April 2024. Furthermore, he has been unable to meet the
monthly repayment of R71 000, towards a facility held with FNB. The respondent avers
that their joint owned property is at risk because FNB has called up the entire facility
of R4, 732. 239.07 as of April 2025. The respondent has further filed an updated
disclosure in terms of s 7 of the Divorce Act, which shows a net value of the accrual
estimated at R1,7000.000.

[12] I subscribe to the views expressed by Kumal o J in the recent judgment in
H.E.D5 where he explained that in cases of this nature the parties’ respective means

5 Fn 4 supra.
is one of the key considerations. Notably, in a broader context, the assessment should
focus on whether the applicant has proven that there is material change in
circumstances and that she has inadequate means of her own to fund litigation. The
enquiry is fact-based hence Rule 43 (5) encompasses the discretionary hearing of
evidence by the court.

[13] In this instance, Mr Wood reminded the court to consider that the net value of
the accrual system is a point of adjudication in the divorce action and may not reflect
the true state of affairs. Notwithstanding this, there are significant conundrums in the
applicant’s application. She appears to rely on the previous judgment and orders
including the findings that were made without reflecting her current state of affairs, as
typical in proceedings of this nature.

[14] I emphatically agree with the applicant that the bond between her and family
who live outside the country deserves to be maintained. However, the issues of full
financial disclosure and the material change in her own circumstances which are at
the heart of her application lack detail. To illustrate this, her failure to disclose the credit
facility amount, her bank statements, her monthly salary and the source of repayment
for her credit facility militate against her case.

[15] I acknowledge the importance of providing a clear pathway for spouses who
cannot afford litigation, in ensuring that they have the necessary resources to assert
their rights in court. In the present matter, I am unable to assist the applicant due to
the lack of significant information regarding her financial means. Therefore, this
application cannot stand.

[16] Mr Kotze argued that if the court rules against the applicant, she should be
mulcted with costs. However , this argument is not persuasive, particularly in light of
the provisions of s 10 the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 which provides,

‘In a divorce action, the court shall not be bound to make an order for costs in
favour of the successful party, but the court may, having regard to the means of
the party, and their conduct in so far as it may be necessary, make such order
as it considers just, and the court may order that the costs of the proceedings be
apportioned between the parties.’

[17] As previously noted, these are interlocutory proceedings in a pending divorce
action. The applicant’s lack of resources is a contentious issue that she may revisit
once she has obtained sufficient information. Given the circumstances, I find no basis
for a cost order against the applicant as there is no evidence of untoward conduct on
her part.

Order

[18] In the result, the following order is issued:

1. The application is dismissed.

2. There shall be no order as to costs.


____________________
N CENGANI -MBAKAZA
ACTING JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT


APPEARANCES:

Counsel for the Applicant : Adv. S. H. Cole SC with Adv C. Wood
Instructed by : STIRK YAZBEK ATTORNEYS
EAST LONDON

Counsel for the Respondent : Adv. Kotze
Instructed by : ABDO &ABDO ATTORNEYS
EAST LONDON

Date Heard : 13 May 2025
Date Delivered : 27 May 2025