SAFLII Note: Certain personal/private details of parties or witnesses have been redacted from this document in
compliance with the law and SAFLII Policy
IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
MPUMALANGA DIVISION, MBOMBELA
CASE NO: 2512/2024
(1) REPORTABLE: NO
(2) OF INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES: YES
(3) REVISED: YES
DATE 31/01/2025
SIGNATURE
In the matter between:
CEBISILE R MAMBWE FIRST APPLICANT
ASTON MAMBWE SECOND APPLICANT
and
ADDITIONAL MAGISTRATE , V.K MTHSWENI N.O. FIRST RESPONDENT
SUMMER BREEZE HOME OWNERS ASSOCIATION SECOND RESPONDENT
This judgment was handed down electronically by circulation to the parties and/or
parties’ representatives by email. The date and time for hand -down is deemed to be
31January 2025 at 10:00.
JUDGMENT
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Mangena AJ
[1] Mr and Mrs Mambwe are the applicants in these proceedings . They seek an
order to review and set aside the decisions of the Magistrate ’s court for the district of
Mbombela held in the sub district of White River under case number 37/2019. The basis
for the review is that the Magistrates ’ Court did not have the jurisdiction to hear the
matter because the amount claimed by the plaintiff exceeded the monetary limit
determined by the Minister. At the time the plaintiff (who is the second respondent )
instituted the proceedings against the applicants , the monetary limit in the Magistrate ’s
court was R200 000.00 and the summons reflect ed an amount of R216 669.90.
[2] The facts giving rise to the claim can be summarised as follows . The applicants
bought an immovable property in a gated village and assumed contractual liability to
contribute towards levies charged by Summer Breeze Homeowners Association
(Summer Breeze). When they defaulted on their obligations, Summer Breeze instituted
legal proceedings against them claiming for the payment of R216 669.90 together with
the interest and the costs.
[3] The applicants entered an appearance to defend without the assistance of an
attorney and later appointed one. In the intervening period, Summer Breeze had served
and filed a notice of bar. The appointed attorney for the applicants placed himself on
record, served and filed a plea without uplifting the bar.
[4] Summer Breeze applied for a default judgement as they were in law entitled to ,
and the Magistrate granted it on 20 May 2019. All attempts made to rescind it yielded no
fruits and the property upon which the levies were being charged was declared specially
executable on 09 April 2024.
[5] Unrelenting, the applicants set their eyes on the High Court for their salvation
and relied on the provisions of section 22 of the Superior Courts Act 10 of 2013 as their
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access point. The section deals mainly with the grounds upon which the proceedings of
the Magistrates ’ Court may be reviewed and one such ground is absence of jurisdiction
on the part of the court.
[6] When the matter was called for hearing, counsel for Summer Breeze argued that
the application has become moot because the subject property has been sold , and the
funds are held in trust by the transferring attorneys. He did not provide the details of
sale nor did he alert his opponent that he will be advancing this argument. I was
nonetheless not persuaded that the matter has become moot as it was not explained to
me how the sale took place when there is a court order issued specifically to interdict
the sale of the property and suspend the operation of the warrant of execution pending
review.
[7] No one has the authority to defy the court order even if one disagrees with it.
Therefore, anything done contrary to what the court has ordered is a nullity and cannot
be clothed with validity under the guise of mootness. The provisions of section 165(5) of
the Constitution are instructive , stating that : “[a]n order or decision issued by a court
binds all persons to whom and organs of state to which it applies ”. This is foundational
to the rule of law which is a key principle of our Constitution. The Constitutional Court
expressed it better when it said , “the duty to obey court orders is the stanchion around
which a state founded on the supremacy of the Constitution and the rule of law is built ”.1
For this reason, I decline counsel ’s invitation to declare the application moot.
[8] What remains now is whether the Magistrates ’ Court had jurisdiction to entertain
Summer Breeze ’s claim of R216 669.90 instituted against the applicants. If it did, this
will be the end of the matter. If it didn ’t, then the applicants are entitled to the relief they
seek.
1 Department of Transport and Others v Tasima (Pty) Ltd 2017 (2) SA 622 (CC) par a 183.
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[9] Mr Sithebe, counsel for the applicants , contends that the Magistrates ’ Court did
not have jurisdiction when regard is had to the provisions of section 29(1)(g) of the
Magistrate Courts Act 32 of 1944 (as amended) which reads as follows:
“(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the National Credit Act , 2005 (Ac t
No. 34 of 2005 ), a court in res pect of causes of action, shall have jurisdiction in –
…
(g) actions other than those already mentioned in this section , where the
claim or the value of the matter in dispute does not exceed the amount
determined by the Minister from time to time by notice in the Gazette .”
[10] The Supreme Court of Appeal gave an illuminating guidance on the application of
section 29(1)(g) of the Magistrate ’s court in the matter of Vorster v Clothing City (Pty)
Ltd,2 when it said:
“[11] Section 29(1)(g) operates to set the jurisdictional limit of the value of the
subject matter in dispute. The starting point is the pleadings – jurisdiction is
always determined with reference to the pleadings. The test is the amount
claimed . … in order to determine whether the claim or the matter in dispute fell
within the jurisdiction of the Magistrate's court (in terms of the relevant
proclamation) , the court has to simply look at the prayer. If the prayer was for an
amount under the prescribed amount , then it fell within the jurisdiction of the
Magistrate ’s court. Therefore the sole test is the amount claimed. ”
[11] Relying on the SCA judgment, Mr Sithebe submitted that the prayer in the
respondents’ particulars of claim is for judgement against the applicant s jointly and
severally for payment of a sum of money in the amount of R216 669.90, including
interests and costs of suits. The amount claimed is in excess of the monetary limit
determined by the minister which was R200 000.00 at the time the summons was
issued. On the authority of the Vorster judgement , the Magistrates ’ Court did not have
2 Vorster v Clothing City (Pty) Ltd [2024] ZASCA 53 para11.
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jurisdiction and the proceedings as well as all decisions taken by the magistrate under
case number 37/2019 should be reviewed and set aside.
[12] Mr Van Heerden, counsel for Summer Breeze , adopted a two -pronged approach
to the matter. He argued that the applicants followed the wrong procedure in their quest
to challenge the decision of the Magistrates ’ Court. He submitted that the correct
procedure available to a party aggrieved with a decision of the Magistrate s’ Court is
appeal , more especially because what led to them approaching the High Court was the
magistrate ’s decision to refuse the rescission of judgement application.
[13] Mr Van Heerden ’s argument is appealing on first blush but does not bear scrutiny
when the papers are analysed in their entirety. As I understand the applicant ’s case,
they have moved beyond the rescission application and the focus of their attack is the
entirety of the proceedings. They are challenging the authority of the Magistrates ’ Court
to entertain the matter.
[14] By raising an argument on the absence of jurisdiction as their ground of review
they are saying the magistrate did not have the power to even grant the default
judgment. They are on solid grounds and have the backing of the supreme court of
appeal in Gallo Africa Ltd and others v Sting Music (Pty) Ltd and others ,3 where it was
held that jurisdiction means the power vested in a court to adjudicate upon, determine
and dispose of the matter. Absent this power, the orders made by the magistrate are a
nullity though binding and enforceable until duly set aside by a competent court. I
therefore find it difficult to agree with Mr Van Heerden that the procedure adopted by the
applicants is wrong. Section 22 of the Superior Courts Act is intended to give an
effective remedy to those aggrieved by the irregularities in the proceedings of the lower
court. There is accordingly no merit in the argument that the applicants have adopted a
wrong procedure.
3 Gallo Africa Ltd and others v Sting Music (Pty) Ltd and others 2010 (6) SA 329 (SCA) para 6 .
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[15] The last string in Mr Van Heerden ’s bow is section 43 of the Magistrates ’ Court
Act. He urged me to look at the particulars of claim intently and will find that there are
different causes of action under one claim, being for levies charged for the property and
penalties for failing to comply with house rules.
[16] Section 43(1) of the Magistrates ’ Courts Act provides as follows:
“If two or more claims, each based upon a different cause of action, are
combined in one summons, the court shall have the same jurisdiction to decide
each such claim as it would have had if each claim had formed the sole subject
of a separate action. ”
[17] To succeed on this defence, Summer Breeze needs to prove three things,
namely, (a) two or more claims, (b) different causes of action , and (c) combination in
one summons.
[18] Reading the particulars of claim issued against the applicants and applying all
the principles applicable to interpretation of documents, it is clear to me that Summer
Breeze ’s claim is based on only one cause of action, namely breach of contract arising
out of the applicant ’s membership of the Homeowners Association. This is so because
paragraph s 5 to 8 of the particulars of claim read as follows:
“5.1 The Defendants are the registered co -owners of the immovable property
situated at stand 5[...] S[...] B[...] estate, White River, 1240.
5.2 The Defendants became members of the plaintiff upon registration of the
property into its name
5.3 By virtue of their membership, the Defendants agreed to be contractually
bound by the Articles of Association and Home Association Rules of the plaintiff.
6. …
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7. The Defendants are liable for monthly levies, penalties and interest on
outstanding levies in respect of their property payable to the plaintiff on the first
day of every month.
8. The Defendants breached their duties and obligations as members of the
plaintiff in that they failed to timeously pay monthly levies and failed to pay
penalties levied by the plaintiff. ”
[19] From the above, it admits of no doubt that the plaintiff instituted one claim for
breach of contract which is its cause of action and the total amount claimed exceeded
the monetary limit as determined by the Minister. To argue that unpaid levies and
penalties for compliance with the rules constitute two separate causes of action is to
strain the definition of cause of action as understood in law. The claim for levies and
penalties for non -compliance with house rules are different heads of damages under
one cause of action which is breach of contract . The reliance on section of 43 is
misplaced.
Costs
[20] The rule on costs is that a successful party is entitled to costs. The applicants
raised their defence on lack of jurisdiction for the first time when they instituted the
review proceedings in the High Court. Had they done so earlier, this matter would not
have reached the High Court. It is their fault or that of their previous attorneys that this
matter had to come to this court. For this reason, I do not think they should be awarded
costs.
[21] Consequently, the following order is made :
1. The decisions and findings including the court order of 09 April 2024 and the
subsequent warrant of execution issued on 10 April 2024 made by the Magistrates ’
Court for the district of Mbombela held in the sub district of White River under case
number 37/2019 are reviewed and set aside.
2. Each party shall pay its own costs.
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M I MANGENA
ACTING JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT
MPUMALANGA DIVISION, MBOMBELA
Appearances :
Counsel for the Appellant: Adv Sithebe
Instructed by: Lukhele Z Attorneys
Counsel for the 2nd Respondent: Adv K van Heerden
Instructed by: Walters & Stander Attorneys - Mbombela